High-T_c superconducting technology is a relatively new and demands application verification in public sector, especially in health care and transportation. In this talk, recent trends in high-T_c superconducting material processing will be introduced and then the new super-magnet applications will be presented. The bulk superconducting magnets can trap magnetic fields by order of magnitude higher than the best classical hard magnets and are therefore promising as permanent magnets for use in magnetic drug delivery system (MDDS), for construction of small mobile diagnostic devices, for water cleaning technologies etc. Human`s body is so complicated that a controlled drug delivery is extremely difficult. This process can be accomplished by magnetic force in the body by exerting a strong magnetic field on the diseased tissue. As a result, a high drug concentration can be delivered in a controlled way to the targeted diseased organ. This technology minimizes the taken drug amount and prevents thus side effects. Superconducting material is also used in superconducting DC cables, promising in particular in transport of solar energy as well as in feeding cables for railway system applications. In Japan, more than 11,805 km DC electrified lines are in use. A change of the conventional DC cables to superconducting ones would reduce the resistance losses generated in feeding cables to minimum and act environmentally friendly. Superconducting technology could play an important role in various fields of our everyday life. In this presentation, I will summarize the recent development in use of bulk superconducting materials in superconducting magnets and of superconducting cables in various 

In order to see simply the results of the division by zero, we will show the simple results in the typical and fundamental object triangles and triangle functions. Even the case of triangles, we will be able to derive new concepts and results from the division by zero property.

One typical result is as follows:

$$

tan frac{pi}{2} = 0.

$$

The essential problems with the mysterious history of the division by zero were on the {bf definition} of the division by zero and the strong {bf discontinuity} of the fundamental function $y = 1/x$ at the origin. This discontinuity was not accepted for long years. One more problem for the division by zero is on the concept of the {bf division by zero calculus}; that is, the fractions and functions cases are different, as we showed clearly.

We have considered our mathematics around an isolated singular point for analytic functions, however, we did not consider mathematics {bf at the singular point itself}. At the isolated singular point, we considered our mathematics with the limiting concept, however, the limiting values to the singular point and {bf the values at the singular point } in the sense of division by zero calculus are different.

By the division by zero calculus, we can consider the values and differential coefficients at the singular point. We, therefore, have a general open problem discussing our mathematics on a domain containing the singular points

In order to see simply the results of the division by zero, we will show the simple results in the typical and fundamental object triangles and triangle functions. Even the case of triangles, we will be able to derive new concepts and results from the division by zero property.

One typical result is as follows:

$$

tan frac{pi}{2} = 0.

$$

The essential problems with the mysterious history of the division by zero were on the {bf definition} of the division by zero and the strong {bf discontinuity} of the fundamental function $y = 1/x$ at the origin. This discontinuity was not accepted for long years. One more problem for the division by zero is on the concept of the {bf division by zero calculus}; that is, the fractions and functions cases are different, as we showed clearly.

We have considered our mathematics around an isolated singular point for analytic functions, however, we did not consider mathematics {bf at the singular point itself}. At the isolated singular point, we considered our mathematics with the limiting concept, however, the limiting values to the singular point and {bf the values at the singular point } in the sense of division by zero calculus are different.

By the division by zero calculus, we can consider the values and differential coefficients at the singular point. We, therefore, have a general open problem discussing our mathematics on a domain containing the singular points

Singular integral equations are presently encountered in a wide range of mathematical models, for instance in acoustics, fluid dynamics, elasticity and fracture mechanics. Together with these models, a variety of methods and applications for these integral equations has been developed.

However, what are singular integrals and why do appear singular integrals in many discontinuity phenomena? For singular integrals, we will consider their integrals as divergence, however, the Hadamard finite part or Cauchy's principal values give finite values; that is, from divergence values, we will consider finite values; for this interesting property, we will be able to give a natural interpretation by the division by zero calculus.

We would like to give some essential answers to those questions by the division by zero calculus that was born from the division by zero.

In the talk, we will introduce our recent results on the division by zero calculus and formulas that were obtained from the division by zero and we will give the interpretation for the Hadamard finite part of singular integrals and Cauchy's principal values by means of the division by zero calculus

Nano particles are useful for developing thermal fluids with high thermal conductivity, water purification from bacteria, highly effective medicines, highly corrosion resistant copper alloys, high strength electrical conductors, anti-bacterial coatings, etc. The major routes for nano particles synthesis are through chemical / physical vapor synthesis, sol-gel technique and high energy ball milling, etc. All these techniques involve substantial power, sophisticated instruments or high cost chemicals and some cases involve toxic raw materials/ by-products and are highly expensive.

The Company deals with production of nano particles in green way without involving electricity, sophisticated instruments and toxic chemicals. It is cost effective and easily scalable to large quantities. The process of synthesizing nano materials using pure herbal extracts can be exclaimed as 3E process i.e. eco-friendly, energy efficient and economical technology. In addition, no toxic waste is created in the process. The whole process takes place at ambient temperature and pressure. Since the whole process finishes in less than an hour, the man hours required is also minimal. Through this process we produced up to 3 kg nano materials and tested for their size which were on par with small scale production. The whole process was mechanized and is capable of producing 5 kgs per batch

Cognitive computing and neuro-inspired information processing have been gaining immense interest in recent years. Increasing demands on computing, problems to maintain Moore’s Law much longer and the need for higher energy efficiency have been stimulating novel computational concepts. Their hardware implementation, adapted to the concept and to the targeted infrastructure in which it needs to be embedded, define a number of challenges. We follow a minimal design approach in optics, allowing for hardware efficiency, high speed, low energy consumption and compatibility with our optical communication infrastructure.

Using telecommunication-compatible hardware, we have implemented reservoir computing and extreme learning machine concepts and could demonstrate their attractive features in benchmark tests including classification tasks and nonlinear prediction. The real-world technological challenge we present here is, how to classify ultra-fast signals that are subjected to significant nonlinear distortions. In particular, we process optical fibre communication data. Fibre communication systems are range-limited due to transmission impairments that distort the propagating signals. For extended transmission distances, standard bit recovery techniques fail completely. We overcome this limitation by transforming the bit classification problem into a pattern recognition problem. We experimentally demonstrate a bit error rate improvement of 2 orders of magnitude compared to competing methods. The bit classification performance we achieve is a significant breakthrough since we can recover data at a high speed that otherwise cannot be recovered. Challenges regarding a full hardware and real-time implementation remain, but we show strategies how these challenges can be overcome

The Nobel Prize in Physics for 2010 was awarded for discovering and identifying some of its unique graphene properties. The time span between the original research (in 2004) and the award has been one of the shortest in the history of the prize. The number of research papers and patents on graphene has mushroomed from 157 in 2004 to more than 10,000 in 2018. These are testaments to the exceptional influence of graphene. AZTrong is a company focus on graphene fundamental as well as impact on applications. After 14 years, our graphene community market is among the world’s fastest growing, with yearly growth estimated at 20–40%. This talk will cover the graphene ecosystem we foresee to have fast growing expansion and the potential impact on almost all industries. We will share of our vision on how graphene is set to change our smart life in a big way

This paper discusses ultra-low energy levels of the hydrogen atom which was not predictable with quantum mechanics. The author has derived the following relationship for a bound electron in a hydrogen atom, which must take into account the Coulomb potential Here, is the relativistic energy of the electron, also is the rest mass energy. This paper theoretically predicts that if the energy level of the hydrogen atom is expressed relativistically as then the relativistic energy levels exists in the hydrogen atom. There is a negative relativistic energy solution, just like the Einstein’s energy-momentum relationship which holds in free space. An electron at the negative relativistic energy levels exists near the atomic nucleus (proton).  Under the classical description, the radius of this undiscovered hydrogen atom is extremely small. The radius  is about 1.331×10-5 the radius of an ordinary hydrogen atom  in the 1s state. An electron at the negative energy levels exists near the atomic nucleus. Also, Here, is the proton radius.  Triplet production is an experiment which strongly supports the existence of an electron at this extremely low energy levels. (However, an interpretation different from the conventional interpretation is needed in order to regard triplet production as evidence for the prediction in this paper.)  The matter formed from a proton with positive mass, and an electron with negative mass that orbits near that proton, is smaller than an ordinary hydrogen atom to an extreme degree. When this unknown matter gathers in large amounts, it becomes a huge mass. This paper identifies such matter as the true nature of dark matter, the mysterious matter that physicists are currently searching for

A series of green-emitting InGaN/GaN multiple-quantum wells samples with different In-content InGaN pre-strain layer are grown by MOCVD, and the effect of strain modification on the crystal quality and optical properties is comprehensively investigated. It is found that when a bulk InGaN layer is inserted beneath the InGaN/GaN MQWs, a better crystal quality is obtained, and the V-pits density is reduced to 1.9 × 10⁸ /cm² and 3.3 × 10⁸ /cm², respectively, while the V-pits density of the original sample is as high as 4.0× 10⁸ /cm². And the photoluminescence (PL) wavelength of the sample, which has an In_0.03GaN pre-strain layer, is blue-shifted by 6 nm because of the weakened piezoelectric field, while the PL wavelength of another sample, which has an In_0.1GaN insertion layer, is redshifted by 15 nm on the contrary. It turns out that the outcome is influenced by multiple factors, such as the 19% degree of strain relaxation of the InGaN/GaN MQWs, the 0.6 nm increase of the InGaN well width due to the composition pulling effect and the 1% increase of the In-content in the InGaN QW. Meanwhile, the samples inserted with InGaN pre-strain layer show twice stronger low-temperature PL (LTPL) intensity than that of the conventional sample, even though the In-content is different, and the corresponding internal quantum efficiency (IQE) is nearly three time larger at the maximum. These significant improvements are primarily attributed to the mitigated Quantum Confined Starks Effect (QCSE) and stronger carrier localization, which is proved by the temperature-dependent PL (TDPL)

The risk of Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) waves is constantly required to materials work as shielding, which are widely used in various high technology applications such as medical, communications, military. Polyaniline (PANI-PTSA) & Ferromagnetic - Cobalt Ferrite {CoFe₂O₄}/Cobalt-Zinc ferrite {Co_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄} nanocomposites are one of these materials which are mix together to have found a solution for these problems.  Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: Polyaniline doped Para Toluen Sulfic Acid (PANI-PTSA) be set up by substance oxidative polymerization of aniline in aqueous medium with ammonium peroxydisulphate as an oxidant. The sol–gel auto combustion method has been used to synthesis ferrite samples. Nicholson–Ross–Weir (NRW) method was applied to determine the real and imaginary parts of complex relative permittivity (εr'-jεr'') and permeability (μr'-jμr'').Findings: The composite materials showed maximum absorption frequency range reflection loss of CFP was -7.1 dB at 9 GHz and -9.6 dB at 11.2 GHz, while at the same frequency for CZFP was -17.1 dB and -23.7 dB respectively. Conclusion & Significance: Result indicated that CZFP was the best (> 98% power absorption) than CFP (>50% power absorption)

Doped oxide semiconductors have received much attention for emerging surface plasmons infrared (IR) region. Recently, wide-gap oxide semiconductors (ZnO and In₂O₃) have been launched as new plasmonic materials. We focus on plasmonic responses of doped oxide semiconductors with a view to providing valuable strategies for the development of new optical functionalization related to energy-saving technology that plays an important role in realizing smart society. In this study, we investigate plasmonic properties at nanoparticle interfaces on oxide semiconductor nanoparticles (Sn-doped In₂O₃: ITO NPs) for solar thermal-shielding for transparent window applications. In particular, assembled sheets of ITO NPs showed high resonant reflections in the infrared range, relating to electric-field (E-field) interactions in nano-gap space between NPs. Both experimental and theoretical approaches were employed in an effort to understand the plasmonic properties of the NP sheets. This work provides an important principle to design high-efficient thermal-shielding activity.

ITO NPs were fabricated by a thermo-chemical technique based on metal-organic decomposition. The surfaces of NPs were terminated by organic molecules of fatty acids, which could be facilitated the production of E-field interactions between the NPs due to the creation of narrow crevices in the particle interfaces. The E-field coupling along the in-plane and out-of-plane directions in the assembled NP sheets allowed for resonant splitting of plasmon excitations based on dipole modes, leading to selective high reflectance in the near- and mid-IR range, respectively [Figure 1]. That is, the interparticle gaps and their derived from plasmon coupling played an important role for high reflective performance. In addition, the assembled NP sheets could be extended to produce large-size flexible films, which also possessed microwave transmissions essential for telecommunications. This study showed new insight for harnessing IR optical responses on plasmonic technology for solar thermal-shielding applications based on oxide materials

Due to the increasing demand for gas consumption during cold seasons, it is a sense of urgency to provide a reliable resource for gas supply during these periods. The objectives of this comprehensive research entail reservoir core analysis, reservoir fluid study, investigation and optimization of improved condensate recovery during gas storage processes in one of Iranian-depleted fractured gas condensate reservoir. We have attempted to make a balance among reservoir petrophysical and operational characteristics such as production rate, ultimate reservoir pressure after production, cumulative condensate production, number of wells and the required time periods for the reservoir depletion, to obtain an optimum condition for the gas storage process. It’s a foregone conclusion that the quality of management decision-making regarding reservoir depletion, maximum gas recovery and natural gas condensate production subsequently optimize at the minimum pressure drop. Furthermore, according to the simulation analysis, pipeline gas injection may lead to condensate recovery improvement

This presentation will provide various graphic representations of global trends in international patent filings relating to rare earths on a comparative national basis (beginning in 1950 to the present) and outline other macro trends related to rare earths research.  The focus of the presentation is to draw attention to the widening gap in materials science research and related investments into intellectual and commercial capital across various nations.  The scale of the investment differential across nations appears to be compounding the disparity between nations through a feed-back loop of increasing government sponsorship (or lack thereof), rapid commercialization of rare earth dependent components, products & industries that are leveraged through advantageous national policies (or lack thereof) and the consequential drive for greater research in material science from a growing concentration of commercial enterprises (or conversely shrinking) across nations. The scale of asymmetric investment appears to be too large for any one nation to meet.  Collective action is a possible solution.  This presentation concludes with the outline of a multi-national solution that is currently under consideration with the current U.S. Administration.

Since 2015, several studies have demonstrated that polymer solar cells (PSCs) can yield power conversion efficiencies over 10%.^[1]   As they employ thin semi-transparent active layers, PSCs have a great potential for the fabrication of low-cost transparent technologies such as photovoltaic windows produced through high volume roll-to-roll processing. However, the conventional methods for active layer and electrode deposition, namely, spin-coating from chlorinated solvents and vacuum metal evaporation, considerably increase the material and chlorinated solvent wastes generated during device fabrication.

Here, I will present studies in which costly evaporated silver or gold electrodes were successfully replaced with conductive polymers, silver nanowires or graphene electrodes deposited in air.^[2] These alternative materials and processes remove the necessity for costly equipment such as vacuum evaporating chambers, shorten the production time by avoiding the long waiting periods necessary to achieve vacuum conditions and decrease the amount of costly material wasted on the vacuum chamber walls. Similarly, when it comes to active layer fabrication, spin-coating generates materials and solvent wastes that are ejected outside of the substrate through centrifugal forces. Chlorinated solvents are extremely harmful to the human health and the environment. Our recent works on conjugated polymer nanoparticle dispersions in water^[3] and the eco-friendly push-coating process^[4] provide solutions for sustainable fabrication of efficient PSC active layers.

Although most researchers in the PSC field focus solely on increasing their photovoltaic performances, our group develops original processes which open the path to sustainable yet efficient PSC fabrication  through high volume production, which may facilitate their large-scale commercialization

Since 2015, several studies have demonstrated that polymer solar cells (PSCs) can yield power conversion efficiencies over 10%.^[1]   As they employ thin semi-transparent active layers, PSCs have a great potential for the fabrication of low-cost transparent technologies such as photovoltaic windows produced through high volume roll-to-roll processing. However, the conventional methods for active layer and electrode deposition, namely, spin-coating from chlorinated solvents and vacuum metal evaporation, considerably increase the material and chlorinated solvent wastes generated during device fabrication.

Here, I will present studies in which costly evaporated silver or gold electrodes were successfully replaced with conductive polymers, silver nanowires or graphene electrodes deposited in air.^[2] These alternative materials and processes remove the necessity for costly equipment such as vacuum evaporating chambers, shorten the production time by avoiding the long waiting periods necessary to achieve vacuum conditions and decrease the amount of costly material wasted on the vacuum chamber walls. Similarly, when it comes to active layer fabrication, spin-coating generates materials and solvent wastes that are ejected outside of the substrate through centrifugal forces. Chlorinated solvents are extremely harmful to the human health and the environment. Our recent works on conjugated polymer nanoparticle dispersions in water^[3] and the eco-friendly push-coating process^[4] provide solutions for sustainable fabrication of efficient PSC active layers.

Although most researchers in the PSC field focus solely on increasing their photovoltaic performances, our group develops original processes which open the path to sustainable yet efficient PSC fabrication  through high volume production, which may facilitate their large-scale commercialization