Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) or chronic lifestyle diseases are a global epidemic; the mortality prevalence of NCDs ranged from 36% to 39.5% people in 2015. This constellation of diseases includes chronic non-infectious diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cancer, chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases as well as other lifestyles diseases that inhibit one’s quality of life. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that 70% of all the global deaths in 2015 can be attributed to NCDs. Cardiovascular diseases and their related comorbidities have become the principal diseases of the NCD group. Stats SA reported that within South Africa, NCDs were responsible for 61.2% (282,128) of all deaths recorded in 2015. The leading causes of death attributed to NCDs in 2015 were cardiovascular diseases (27.1%), metabolic diseases (10%), and respiratory diseases (7.8%). Due to the prevalence of NCDs in South Africa, the WHO estimates that the longevity of the South African populace is approximately 59 years. NCDs are characterized by an unhealthy lifestyle and are strongly influenced by personal choice. Predisposing risk factors for NCDs include smoking of tobacco, poor nutrition, physical inactivity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, obesity, and dyslipidaemia. In 2008, physical inactivity (sedentariness) was estimated to be responsible for 5.3 million deaths worldwide. Both poor diet and poor quality of food are positively associated with the development of overweight and obesity, which substantially contributes to development of NCDs. Excessive eating and physical inactivity are further contributing factors that are associated with overweight and obesity. The percentage of the South African population that has being classified as either overweight or obese has progressively escalated, with the South African National Health and Nutrition Report of 2012, identifying approximately two thirds (66%) of women and one third (33%) of men as being overweight.The international inter-professional medical management strategy of NCDs includes pharmaceutical medication, education, and counselling, as well as diet management and regular physical activity. Evans et al. reported that while exercise therapy is financially the cheapest modality of treatment for NCDs, it is nevertheless a very effective option. The South African National Health Plan has identified regular exercise and physical activity as one of the fundamental elements of the possible solution, which will assist in the management of the NCD epidemic.

The continuous debate on the requirement of metabolic syndrome diagnosis. Following the first occurrence of metabolic disorder, it was used to distinguish people at a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Metabolic syndrome has now been related to a higher risk of type two diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The one question that always remains, is metabolic syndrome a greater predictor than obesity to avert type two diabetes and cardiovascular disease? Obesity has been believed to be the principle component in metabolic syndrome and is partially facilitated by the involvement of the adipocyte in regulating circulating free fatty acids and the advancement of insulin resistance. Be that as it may, the obesity population is not entirely corresponded with the metabolic syndrome population. Several definitions of metabolic syndrome were promoted with emphasis on various mechanisms, and these definitions have various aptitudes that forecast type two diabetes and cardiovascular disease among several populations. Additionally, metabolic syndrome failed to encompass all risk factors that are known for type two diabetes and cardiovascular disease, example of that being physical activity. What is needed can be found in upcoming studies that include the quantity of complex metabolic indicators and abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adiposity to analyze if the metabolic syndrome is an acceptable predictor for type two diabetes and cardiovascular disease versus obesity. Preventative action must take place during the initial stage of obesity in cooperation, healthcare professionals must take notice to any factors in the classification of metabolic syndrome even if the sum of positive components is not of a great value.

One of the most burdensome complications of diabetes is diabetic foot. Published data show that the problem of diabetic foot affects 6 to 10% diabetic patients. The consequence of diabetic foot and remittent infections of ulcers may be an amputation of limbs leading to disability and deterioration of patients mental state. In cases when prophylaxis fails, radical actions connected with local therapy, systemic therapy and educational measures need to be taken. The implementation of good health practices linked with both the necessity of changing patients lifestyle and the implementation of effective prophylactic and medicinal methods reguires multispeciality approach. Presentation of beneficial health practices in prophylaxis and treatment of diabetic foot connected with the local procedure and the modification of lifestyle. The study included patients receiving outpatient treatment. The thesis has shown the complexity of diabetic foot problem and the negative effects connected with patient’s inability to adapt to conditions conducive to diabetic foot treatment. The areas of interdisciplinary team’s cooperation leading to the lack of diabetic foot problem have been highlighted. It has been observed that in the case of patients with diabetic foot syndrome, the implementation of actions connected with local treatment and interactive education may lead to the improvement of general health status and healing of diabetic foot.  The main focus should be on the individual choice of feet unloading, actions devoted to prevention of infections in local treatment and the modification of treatment methods if they are ineffective.

Determine the efficacy of transcutaneous oximetry (TcPO2); In diabetic foot ulcer patients, the absence of pedal pulses has been shown to be an indepen- dent risk factor of non-healing. Moreover, if revascularization is not possible, this particular patient population is at high risk of both non-healing and amputation. However, the quantitative assessment of tissue perfusion and microcir-culation to stratify patients at risk of non-healing remains a diagnostic challenge in daily routine although there are numerous sophisticated tests available that accurately quantify the macro- and microcirculation in research settings. Since the first clinical evaluation of transcutaneous oxygen tension measurement (tcpO2), this noninvasive technique has been recommended as a reproducible, sensitive, and quantitative method for assessing dermal oxygen supply in a de- ned cutaneous area  From January to December 2018 was made Retrospective study carried out in Lima-Perú where the database of the Diabetic Foot Unit was reviewed and patients with diabetes were selected with active ulcer, who underwent TcPO2 in 2018, being followed up for a year to define the prognosis of the extremity. The average of 2 measurements on the affected foot was taken, the Texas classification was used and 2 groups of results were formed: patients with TcPO2 equal to or less than 20 mmHg and TcPO2 greater than 20 mmHg. Statistical analysis is presented as mean and standard deviation.