Pathology is the study of the causes and effects of disease or injury. The word pathology also refers to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of bioscience research fields and medical practices.
a branch of biology that deals with the functions and activities of life or of living matter (such as organs, tissues, or cells) and of the physical and chemical phenomena involved — compare anatomy.
The main aim of plant disease management is to reduce the economic and aesthetic damage caused by plant diseases. Traditionally, this has been called plant disease control, but current social and environmental values deem control as being absolute and the term too rigid Disease fungi take their energy from the plants on which they live. They are responsible for a great deal of damage and are characterized by wilting, scabs, moldy coatings, rusts, and blotches and rotted tissue. Removal of diseased plant tissues on the plant itself is your next line of defense. Prune out diseased foliage, twigs or branches, hand pick blighted camellia blossoms as they appear and dispose of these in the trash.
Plant disease epidemiology is the study of disease in plant populations plant diseases occur due to pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, oomycetes, nematodes, phytoplasmas, protozoa, and parasitic plants. Plant disease epidemiologists strive for an understanding of the cause and effects of disease and develop strategies to intervene in situations where crop losses may occur. The study of epidemics and factors influencing them is called epidemiology Plant disease epidemiology studies the spatial and temporal dynamics as well as the ecology of the interaction between populations of plant pathogens, plant hosts, and the environment.
Basic biology of plant pathogens and microbes, to develop methods for the management of microbial diseases of plants and other organisms, it is a wide field ranging from sustainable agriculture to toxicology to genetics and molecular biology-related majors. It includes Microbial Pathology,, Clinical Pathology, Diagnostic Pathology, Anatomical and Forensic Pathology, Comparative Pathology. and microorganisms possess membrane-bound are conventionally classified as lacking membrane-bound organelles and include Bacteria and Archaea and include are conventionally classified as lacking membrane-bound organelles and include Bacteria and Archaea Bacteriology, Virology, Mycology and Phycology, Medical Parasitology, Nematology and Proto-zoology, Food Microbiology, Molecular Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology, Agricultural Microbiology, Soil and Water Microbiology, Industrial Microbiology, Veterinary Microbiology, Microbiology and Microbes World, Microbial genomes and Physiology, Microbial Immunology and Infection Control, Current and future trends in Microbiology.
Antibiotics are essential for control of bacterial diseases of plants, especially fire blight of pear and apple and bacterial spot of peach. Streptomycin is used in several countries; the use of oxytetracycline, oxolinic acid and gentamicin is limited to only a few countries. Springtime antibiotic sprays suppress pathogen growth on flowers and leaf surfaces before infection; after infection, antibiotics are ineffective. Antibiotics are applied when disease risk is high, and consequently the majority of orchards are not treated annually. Antimicrobials originated from microorganisms isolated from the environment . Most applications are by spray treatments in orchards. No new antimicrobials are expected to be used in plant agriculture because of high costs of development, regulatory constraints, and environmental and human health concerns. Alternatives to antimicrobials, such as bio control agents, transgenic plants, and novel chemicals, are being developed and marketed.
Field of plant pathology that deal with the study of viruses & virus like pathogens and diseases caused by organisms and it employs all the principles and practices of plant pathology Many plant pathogens, particularly fungi, can be controlled by the application of chemicals which interfere in some way with the metabolism of the invading pathogen, and so prevent or ameliorate disease. Some of the viral diseases in plants area Morphology, Pathogen Biology and it can be controlled by Chemical Applications Genetic Host Resistance Cultural Practices Scouting cutting, grafting or propagating seedlings vegetatively and Biological control
Physiological plant issues are brought about by non-obsessive conditions, for example, helpless light, unfavorable climate, water-logging, phytotoxic mixes or an absence of supplements, and influence the working of the plant framework. Physiological issues are recognized from plant sicknesses brought about by microbes, for example, an infection or fungus. While the indications of physiological issues may show up illness like, they can typically be forestalled by modifying natural conditions. Nonetheless, when a plant shows indications of a physiological issue all things considered, that season's development or yield will be decreased.
The word biology is derived from the greek words /bios/ meaning /life/ and /logos/ meaning /study/ and is defined as the science of life and living organisms. An organism is a living entity consisting of one cell e.g. bacteria, or several cells e.g. animals, plants and fungi.
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