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Any illness that affects a very small percentage of the population is considered rare. Rare diseases include uncommon cancers, such as childhood cancers, as well as certain other well-known disorders, such as cystic fibrosisCF, pancreatic fibrosis, mucoviscididosis, fibrosis, and monogenic disorder. Huntington's disease and monogenic disease.
 

Infectious cancers affect an incredibly small population of people. If a cancer begins in a unique location within the body, it may also be regarded as rare. Or if the cancer is a rare type that requires specialised care and is brought on by ad hoc changes in the body. Experts are unsure of what causes the mutation. Since many people may not exhibit symptoms until later stages, regular blood tests are all that is needed to make the identification.

Infectious paediatric illnesses, which can be serious or fatal, affect people from birth to age 18, including the age groups often known as neonates, babies, children, and adolescents. One example of a paediatric Infectious disease is achondrogenesisInfectious Diseases and Health.

The majority of disorders that affect the skin start deep beneath its layers, and these anomalies are crucial in identifying a variety of internal diseases. The inherent region-specific anatomical variability of the skin can significantly alter how a rash appears. This becomes clear after skin is transplanted from one area of the body to another and still displays the morphological traits of the donor area. Hereditary skin illnesses are commonly categorised using gross morphological, histologic, and microscopic results; however, the precise diagnosis is frequently uncertain since skin diseases may not always appear in a recognisable way.