Improving digestibility of NSP in poultry diets is one way in which producers can positively impact both feed efficiency and animal nutrition. NSP-degrading enzymes can save money by uplifting the average feedstuff quality, increase the flexibility to use a wider range of raw materials and reduce the risk of animal gut disturbances. Objective: objective of this trial was to evaluate the influence of NSP-degrading enzymes on growth performance, carcass traits and meat sensory quality of broiler chickens fed wheat-based diets. 500 Ross 308 chicken broilers were fed with two basal wheat-based diets. Dietary treatments were divided into two groups: control diet without enzyme supplementation and experimental diet supplemented with NSP-degrading enzymes. A sensory panel for the analysis consisted of 6 assessors. A structured numerical scale was used for evaluation of the intensity of each attribute. Intensity of meat sensory attributes, such as overall odour, non-typical odour, taste, non-typical taste, color intensity was determined. NSP-degrading enzymes increased broiler chicken‘s preslaughter weight by 2.5% (p≤0, 05) and decreased feed consumption by 1.3%. Boneless chicken breast fillet without skin was 4% bigger (p≤0, 05) comparing to control group‘s chicken breast. Chicken breast external fillet and inner fillet in the experimental group were respectively 5.6% and 3.8% bigger. Sensory analysis determined that experimental group’s cooked chicken meat had 7.5% (p≤0, 05) more intense odour. The obtained results demonstrate that adding NSP-degrading enzymes to chicken broilers diets had   positive effect on their carcass traits and feed consumption, besides that, it had no negative effect on sensory meat quality.

In this field study the researchers aimed investigating the molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis among lambs in Eagean Region of Turkey. A total of 109 faecal samples from lambs (at the age of 1 to 45 days, of both sexes) were collected. Thirthy-seven out of 109 lambs were positive with an overall prevalence of G. duodenalis was 33.94%. Faecal samples of all 37 lambs, diagnosed Giardia-positive by microscopy, were found also positive by nested PCR. The β-giardin nested PCR assay gave positive results for all samples (100%). The results of this field study presented prevalence of giardiasis among lambs. Further studies are warranted with assemblage detection and sequence analysis of isolates.

In effort to combat environmental pollution, improve animal production and avoid drug residue, producers have resorted to the use of phytobiotics to inhibit ammonia producing microbes in the gut. Freshly harvested Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Mangifera indica, Saccharum officinarum, Chromolaena odorata, Azadirachta indica and Carica papaya leaves were air dried, blended and extracted using five concentrations of solvent (100% water, 70% water + 30% methanol, 50% water + 50% methanol, 30% water + 70% methanol and 100% methanol). The antibacterial activities of the extracts and antibiotics (streptomycin and doxycycline) as control, were tested according to standard procedures against both gram positive (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative (Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae) ammonia producing bacteria. The inhibitory effect of 100% water, 70% water + 30% methanol and 30% water + 70% methanol extracts of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Mangifera indica was not significantly different from that of streptomycin on all bacteria tested while doxycycline showed the lowest inhibitory activity. Saccharum officinarium extract from 30% water + 70% methanol and 100% methanol had significantly better inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli than the antibiotic drugs, Also, extract of Chromolaena odorata, Carica papaya and Azadirachta indica at 100% methanol had no significant difference from the inhibitory effect of antibiotics on Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholera and Escherichia coli respectively. It can be concluded, therefore, that 100% methanol extraction of the herbs can be an effective alternative to synthetic antibiotics in reducing ammonia producing bacteria in animal production.

Watermelon rind contains source of amino acids, citrulline. Citrulline is physiologically important amino acid in birds. However, the function of this amino acid has not yet been fully understood. In this study, we therefore examined the effect of red and yellow watermelon rind extract in term of regulating body temperature and feed intake in broiler chicks. Accordingly, the objectives of the present study were to determine the effect of oral administration of watermelon rind extract on feed intake and body temperature. In this experiment , day-old broiler chicks were housed in a group until the experimental day (4 days old). On the day of the experiment, each chick (5 days old) was orally administered distilled water, red watermelon extract or yellow watermelon extract by the elastic plastic needle on small syringe. Feed intake and body temperature changes were measured at 30, 60 and 120 min. The results in experiment revealed that watermelon juice significantly decreased body temperature. However, oral administration of the watermelon extract did not significantly alter feed intake in chicks. we conclude that oral administration of both red and yellow watermelon juice may play a potent role in declining body temperature. Red watermelon rind extract is more effect on thermoregulation in broiler chicks than yellow watermelon rind.

The relation of coffee consumption to coronary heart disease has been extensively studied. Cardiovascular diseases have been denominated as the world's “biggest killer” and the principal cause of death among nontransmittable diseases. Coffee contains various bioactive compounds that can be included alkaloids such as caffeine and trigonelline, phenolic acids, diterpenes such as cafestol, lignans, flavonoids. Dietary polyphenols, both in vitro and in vivo have been demonstrated to display anti-atherosclerotic properties by effectively modulating endothelial and vascular function; haemostasis and platelet function; and inflammatory biomarkers.

Coffee has two diterpenoids named Cafestol and Kahweol which involve in increasing cholesterol, but only caffeine in coffee has pharmacological effects. The diterpenes cafestol and kahweol have been implicated as the components in boiled coffee responsible for its hypercholesterolaemic effects. The amount of cafestol and kahweol in coffee depends on the method of brewing. The most of amount this two materials release when was contacted boiled water. Diterpenes of Cafestol and Kahweol are part of boiling coffee, which is responsible for increasing blood cholesterol. Their amount in a coffee beverage is affected by the brewing manner. Surveys have shown dose-dependent effect of Cafestol and Kahweol on elevating serum cholesterol levels. Boiled coffee contains the highest concentrations such as Scandinavian-style and Turkish-style while, trace amounts see in instant, drip-filtered and percolated coffees.

As a result, coffee consumption and coronary heart diseases are contradictory but, in general coffee can affect coronary heart diseases and these effects can depend on method of brewing coffee, brewing time, genetics such.

Suboptimal embryo culture condition decreases embryonic quality and hinders the developmental competence by altering the expression and DNA methylation patterns of developmentally related genes and pathways including focal adhesion pathway1,2.

Focal adhesion is vital for several cellular functions and it refers to communication of cell with its extracellular matrix (ECM)3. However, the epigenetic regulatory mechanism through which culture condition altered the embryo development via focal adhesion pathway remains unclear. Hence, we aimed to investigate the effect of different culture media using continued or stage specific supplementation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and/or hyaluronic acid (HA) on the expression and DNA methylation patterns of the focal adhesion pathway and the subsequent consequences on the development and quality of bovine preimplantation embryos. Results indicated that media supplemented with EGF + HA increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of focal adhesion pathway genes. Moreover, blastocysts cultured in media supplemented with EGF + HA during embryonic genome activation period (EGA) exhibited higher expression level of focal adhesion pathway compared to those supplemented before or after EGA. Furthermore, higher mRNA expression accompanied with alteration in the DNA methylation pattern (promoter and distal promoter) of focal adhesion pathway related genes. Blastocysts with higher expression of focal adhesion pathway exhibited reduction of reactive oxygen species and apoptotic cells with higher cryotolerance ability. In conclusion, the dynamic changes in the DNA methylation pattern and subsequently embryo development may rely on its epigenetic adaptability that resulted from interactions with surrounding environment via cell adhesion to ECM molecules.
 

The indiscriminate use of antibiotics in poultry production has been considered to have negative implication on humans. Therefore, the use of a viable alternative becomes necessary. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of graded levels of sodium propionate on gut histopathological condition of broiler chicks in an experiment that lasted for 21 days. Three hundred and thirty six one-day old Arbor Acre broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 7 dietary treatments with 6 replicates of 8 birds each in a completely randomized design. Treatment 1 was the basal diet/control diet (corn-soyabean), treatment 2 was antibiotic diet (0.11%). Treatments 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 contained the basal diet and 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5% sodium propionate inclusion respectively. At day 21, two birds per replicate were sacrificed and about 5cm of the ileum was excised for histopathological examinations. Sample sectioning of the ileum of birds fed basal diet revealed sloughing of surface enterocytes, cryptal and villi epithelia necrosis while those on antibiotic diet showed mild villi atrophy, clubbing of villi and cryptal villi epithelia necrosis. Birds fed with 0.1% and 0.2% sodium propionate diets showed moderate villi atrophy and sloughing surface of enterocytes, clubbing and fusion of villi. However, ileum sectioning of birds fed 0.3% - 0.5% sodium propionate supplemented diets revealed no observable lesions and moderate villi atrophy. There was improvement in the integrity of the ileum as well as host health as the level of sodium propionate inclusion increases across the dietary treatments.  

Viscoelastic materials are a wide group of composite which have rheological properties. These materials are used for two purposes: Viscosupplementation and viscosurgery. When the viscoelastics applied to provide lubricity facilitates mechanical movement or used as a matrix protector, they are referred as viscosupplements. When they applied to prevent adhesions postoperatively, they are referred as viscosurgicals. Hyaluronic acid, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, chondroitin sulfate, polyacrylamide and collagen are known as viscoelastic materials. Hyaluronic acid occurs naturally in the extracellular matrix of many tissues in all species. It has no side effects. It has high molecular weight and shows viscoelastic and pseudoplastic behaviours. Because of these properties, hyaluronic acid is the most commonly used viscoelastic substance in tendo, eye, ear and neurosurgery. Hyaluronic acid reduces friction between moving surfaces and prevents bacterial contamination by acting as a barrier. Therefore it helps to regain the normal function of the tissues or organs and prevents complications. Synovial fluid is a viscous material that is located in joint cavities. It protects the cartilage and soft tissues by means of its rich content of hyaluronic acid. The thixotropic effect of synovial fluid provides high resistance against to mechanical load. In the treatment of the joint diseases synovial fluid replacement is used for the purpose of viscosupplementation. There is limited research on the use of synovial fluid as a source of hyaluronic acid for viscosurgery. In this presentation, we will discuss whether synovial fluid can be an alternative to viscoelastic materials in veterinary surgery or not.