Title: A Hierarchical Ecosystem Approach to Study the Global Warming Impact in Three Eco regions

Biography:

He is in Department of Geography, School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, V5A 1S6  Canada. Research Center for Plateau Ecology, Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, the Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, Qinghai, P.R. of China  

Abstract

The ecosystem classification of land (ECL) has been developed, and integrated as the hierarchical system. We recently tried implementing hierarchical ecosystem classification in 300 Dry Domain of the United States, 100 Polar Domain of Canada, and 500 Plateau Domain of China, which demonstrated and simulated the environment changes in the global scales (Zhang, 2021; Zhang and West 2021). Global warming has substantial effects on terrestrial ecosystems in the different Ecoregions. For example, under global warming influences, the Great Salt Lake, the world's 33rd largest water body, has occurred a warmer climate that has increased the evaporation without offsetting increases in rainfall, which causes the lake shrinking, and salinity level increase. These changes would have adverted the impacts on migratory bird populations. In addition, the rangelands of the Great Basin are already threatened by the expansion of non-native weedy species (European cheatgrass) and the increases in the frequency and severity of wildfires (Zhang and West, 2021). Arctic sea ice in Yukon Territory is melting, reducing the minimum annual sea ice area and overall volume. Sea ice melt appears to be accelerating, with most of the melt occurring in the past decade. Approximately 300 km3 of sea ice volume is lost per year. The remaining sea ice is becoming younger and thinner. Over the past 50 years, winters are warming more than in other seasons, with an average increase of 4ºC in Yukon. Yukon's annual average temperature has increased by 2ºC, twice the global rate (Streiker, 2016; Zhang and West, 2021). The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is experiencing rapid temperature changes, and fluctuations have significantly affected the alpine tundra ecosystem, producing essential changes in the global energy balance and carbon budget. The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is situated in southwestern China and is the highest continental landmass in the world. We present a changing alpine tundra vegetaion using Vegetation Dynamic Simulation Model (VDSM) integrated with scenarios of global temperature increase of 1 to 3°C (Zhang et al., 2008, 2021). BIOME4 model (Song et al., 2005) illustrated the vegetation biomass changes and the vegetation distribution dynamics in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Domain level in responses to global warming.