In the days in which we live today, global medical assistance for dentistry is very important. We have a high technological value, to share in a transversal vision in veterinary medicine. The correct assessment of patients' clinical signs, like pain, must be motivating inside and outside the operating room. The influence of orofacial and dental trauma on the life course of patients should be considered, especially since pediatric age. Good oral health is crucial for an emerging cardiorespiratory health. It is considered fundamental to evaluation and perception of the oral-lung axis, especially in the current proximity between animals and humans. With access to the reference service in the North of Portugal - Oporto, 5236 animals were treated, between 2018 and 2021 in our clinic with various stomatological diseases that required advanced oral treatments such as Maxillofacial Surgery, Endodontics, Orthodontics and Implant Placement. The procedures are described in detail throughout this work. The evolution of patients exceeded 89.90% in terms of quality of life, boosting the concept of global medical care in veterinary dentistry. All data is processed on the salesforce platform

The presence of Brucella DNA in milk samples was detected by BCSP31 gene-targeted PCR and by amplification of IS711-genes by conventional PCR. Confirmation of the PCR positive samples was done by qPCR using TaqmanR assay. A total n=120 milk samples were collected from the vaccinated milking cows during days post-vaccination (DPV) at 30PV, 60PV, 90PV and 120PV (n=10 each). Some were found positive for both Brucella genus and species-specific genes in subcutaneously (s/c) vaccinated cows. Significantly higher positives were detected by the qPCR. BCSP31 sequence was deposited at GenBank NCBI and assigned accession no. MK881173-6. The presence of brucella organisms in milk of vaccinated cows revealed the risk of zoonotic transmission of brucellosis to humans, if raw milk was consumed and the public health threats associated with that. These results strongly suggested that use of both conventional PCR and qPCR techniques could lead to more reliable diagnosis of brucellosis from vaccinated bovine milk samples. There is a public health of contracting brucellosis in milking cows. Key words: Brucella abortus, Cows, Milk, Strain-19, Vaccine, Zoonosis.

The knowledge gap regarding the topography and anatomy of the dromedary’s carpal joint must be bridged to improve diagnostic and treatment procedures such as ultrasonography, arthrocentesis, and arthroscopy. Thirty-five distal forelimbs were harvested from 21 dromedaries and studied through gross dissection, casting, ultrasonography, and computerized tomography. Representative threedimensional models of the joint cavities, recesses, and pouches were obtained using various casting agents. The safety and feasibility of different arthrocentesis approaches were evaluated. This study provides a detailed description of dorsally located joint recesses and palmarly located joint pouches. The dorsomedial and dorsolateral approach is recommended for arthroscopy and arthrocentesis of the radiocarpal and intercarpal joint when the carpus is flexed. However, caution must be exercised during these approaches to prevent needle injury to the articulating cartilage. Caution is necessary to prevent the formation of inadvertent communication between the dorsally located tendon sheaths and joint cavities. Arthrocentesis via the lateral approach to the lateropalmar pouch is the most favourable approach for the radiocarpal joint. A subtendinous synovial bursa was found between the lateropalmar pouch of the radiocarpal joint and the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle. The subtendinous synovial bursa must be considered during the lateral arthrocentesis approach. The palmar approach is not recommended for arthrocentesis due to the high risk of injury to nerves, veins, and arteries located palmarly.

This Lecture is a discussion about the main causes of Feather Plucking in African Gray Parrot birds as one of the most frequent and frustrating avian cases presented to Veterinarian World Wide approximately 24.5% of African gray parrots suffer from feather plucking. Usually, the psychological factor is the most blamed cause but the etiology is poorly understood as many underlying physiological abnormalities play a significant role. A physical exam is not useful in most cases therefore implementation of diagnostics such as radiography and blood work is mandatory to fully understand or treat the underlying cause.
In the coming presentation, we will discuss the main differentials, diagnostic tools, treatment, and management plan.

Introduction: There are some studies in the literature saying that feline diabetes mellitus is similar to diabetes in human concerning the clinical, physiological and pathological features.
Purpose: in this study, I will demonstrate that felines diabetes mellitus has in the back ground, energy deficiency in the five internal massive organs and leading to evolution to Yin deficiency and Heat retention, that are two energy imbalances leading to clinical manifestation of hyperglycemia, according to traditional Chinese medicine.
Methods: through one case of five years-old cat with history of treating diabetes mellitus using insulin and even using insulin, the hyperglycemia did not reduce, still above 500 mg/dl. The cat's owner was undergoing acupuncture treatment and commented on the cat that she was having uncontrolled hyperglycemia with the use of insulin. I asked to bring the cat and we measured the energy of the 7 chakras.
Results: all seven chakras were in the lowest level of energy, rated one out eight. It was orientated the owner to introduce homeopathy medications to replenish the energy of the five internal massive organs, according to the theory Constitutional Homeopathy of the Five elements Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine, using Phosphorus, Sulphur, Calcarea carbonica, Silicea and Natrum muriaticum (one medication per day in the cat’s water). The hyperglycemia reduced to the half in the first week of treatment and the cat still in treatment.
Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that feline with diabetes mellitus has energy deficiency in the five internal massive organs, like in human and the treatment replenishing these organs using homeopathy medications according to the theory Constitutional Homeopathy of the Five Elements based on Traditional Chinese Medicine is of paramount importance to treat the cause of formation of hyperglycemia in cat and not just treating the symptoms.

There is no dought that veterinary dentistry has been a developing field through years specially in small animal practice , as animal grow older develop more both dental and periodontal problems either due to diet or acquired causes such as trauma leading to to some serious problems as crown fracture and even jaw fracture. In this article focusing more on crown fractures as a commonly presented problem to small animal clinics around the world easy to observe but to deal with the case properly to avoid some serious complications and to help maintaining the tooth function other than extracting the tooth, how to diagnose the case properly ,types , complications and proper treatment is the main aim of this article.