Title: Antimicrobial activity of different active ingredients of toothpastes and extracts of local spices: a comparative analysis

Biography:

Shamima Nasrin Shaheed is currently working as a full time Professor at University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. She has been participated in more than six international conferences. Her main research interest is Anti-Microbial activity and modern technologies involved in it. She has published many articles and papers in journals.

Abstract

The buccal cavity is composed of many surfaces, each covered with a plethora of bacterial population, the proverbial bacterial biofilm. A number of such bacteria have been associated in oral ailments such as periodontitis and caries, the most common bacterial infection in humans. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of active ingredient (sodium fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate, sorbitol, sodium bicarbonate, sodium lauryl sulfate etc.) of different toothpastes and four extracts (ethanol, acetone, methanol, aqueous extracts) of five local spices (cinnamon, clove, cardamom, cumin seed, coriander seed) against oral bacteria. Four different extracts of five spices and three active ingredients of different toothpastes were tested for activity against Streptococcus Salivarius, Staphylococcus Aureus, Bacillus Cereus, Acinetobacter Variabilis and two other isolated bacteria grown in tryptone soya broth (TSB) media. These bacteria were isolated from dental sample which were collected from a local Hospitals dental unit. After isolation growth of these bacteria were optimized by different biochemical tests. 16s DNA sequencing of the isolated bacteria were done by Sanger Dideoxy Sequencing method. A broth micro dilution assay was performed to decide the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Agar well diffusion assay was performed by inoculating bacterial cultureson TSB agar plates. This investigation showed that all five ingredients of toothpastes demonstrated antimicrobial activity. The extracts of cinnamon, clove showed higher antibacterial activity and gave maximum zones of inhibition against all the test organisms. A comparative analysis was also done between active ingredients of toothpaste and extract of spices. These results suggest that certain spices with proven antimicrobial effects, such as clove and cinnamon can have useful effects in the treatment of dental diseases. In different studies it has been shown that SIRT1 is changed or elevated significantly in acute myeloid leukemia 7, human cancer 6.Hidaetal. Examined overexpression of SIRT1 was frequently detected in all different type of non-melanoma skin cancers including squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma. It has been shown that SIRT1 is significantly elevated in human prostate cancer 6, acute myeloid leukemia 7, and primary colon cancer 8. Hida et al. examined SIRT1 protein levels in several different types of skin cancer by immunohistochemical analysis 9. Overexpression of SIRT1 was frequently detected in all kinds of non-melanoma skin cancers including squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, Bowens disease, and actinic keratosis. Based on the elevated levels of SIRT1 in cancers, it was hypothesized that SIRT1 serves as a tumor promoter 10. However it does not rule out a possibility that increased expression of SIRT1 is a consequence, rather than a cause, of tumorigenesis. In contrast, Wang et al. analyzed a public database and found that SIRT1 expression was reduced in many other types of cancers, including glioblastoma, bladder carcinoma, prostate carcinoma and ovarian cancers as compared to the corresponding normal tissues 11. Their further analysis of 44 breast cancer and 263 hepatic carcinoma cases also revealed reduced expression of SIRT1 in these tumors 11. These data suggest that SIRT1 acts as a tumor suppressor rather than a promoter in these tissues.