Title: Introduction to Stem Cell and its Activity

Biography:

Dr. Sudha Bansode is a Professor in Zoology at Shankarrao Mohite College, Akluj, and Maharashtra State, India. Recently she has completed her Post Doctoral Studies at University of California, Riverside, USA. She is a active researcher & passionate teacher in India. Still she has been published above 25 research papers in International Journals & she is interested on Bone Research. Also she has honor of Distinguished Editorial Board Member of several International Journals. She is a own author of “Textbook Histological Techniques” & “Outlines of Physiology”. And now she is working on another own reference book “Rhythms in Freshwater Crustaceans”. She is a University recognized research guide for Ph. D. students in India. She was a invited Indian Speaker of “OXFORD SYMPOSIUM” on27-29 August, 2014 at Balliol College, Oxford, United Kingdom & CELL SIGNALING & CANCER THERAPY – International Conference at Double Tree, Hilton Chicago on 27-28 September 2017. She was academic visitor of Bangkok- Thailand, Colombo-Sri Lanka, Daira-Daira-Dubai-UAE. Her recent intellectual Interaction is with many International Professional groups.

Abstract

The general designation, “stem cell” encompasses many distinct cell types. Commonl, the modifiers, “embryonic,” and “adult” are used to distinguish stem cells by the developmental stage of the animal from which they come, but these terms are becoming insufficient as new research has discovered how to turn fully differentiated adult cells back into embryonic stem cells and, conversely, adult stem cells, more correctly termed “somatic” stem cells meaning categories based on their biologic properties - pluripotent stem cells and multipotent stem cells. Their sources, characteristics, differentiation and therapeutic applications are discussed.

From the body, are found in the fetus, placenta, umbilical cord blood and infants.² Therefore, this review will sort stem cells into two Stem cells have the ability to differentiate into specific cell types. The two defining characteristics of a stem cell are perpetual self-renewal and the ability to differentiate into a specialized adult cell type. There are two major classes of stem cells: pluripotent that can become any cell in the adult body, and multipotent that are restricted to becoming a more limited population of cells. Cell sources, characteristics, differentiation and therapeutic applications are discussed. Stem cells have great potential in tissue regeneration and repair but much still needs to be learned about their biology, manipulation and safety before their full therapeutic potential can be achieved.

Stem cells have the ability to build every tissue in the human body, hence have great potential for future therapeutic uses in tissue regeneration and repair. In order for cells to fall under the definition of “stem cells,” they must display two essential characteristics. First, stem cells must have the ability of unlimited self-renewal to produce progeny exactly the same as the originating cell. This trait is also true of cancer cells that divide in an uncontrolled manner whereas stem cell division is highly regulated. Therefore, it is important to note the additional requirement for stem cells; they must be able to give rise to a specialized cell type that becomes part of the healthy animal