Broadening photon absorption into the near infrared (NIR) range represents a unique opportunity of improving the use of solar energy in various fields, including but not limited to solar fuel, solar cells and solar-enabled photo-degradation of pollutants. It is however challenging to realize this goal as most of traditional materials, such as dyes & semiconductors, do not absorb NIR lights efficiently. Recent advances of nanomaterials opens a new door in this research theme. With unique physical and chemical properties, nanomaterials have indeed attracted extensive attention in the past two decades. In particular, due to their unique, size- and shape-tunable surface plasmon resonance, plasmonic nanostructures have recently been explored for enhancing the efficiency of solar cells and photocatalysis via improved light scattering, strong near field effect and/or hot electron injection. On the other hand, near infrared quantum dots (QDs) with size tunable bandgaps, broad absorption, and high potential for multiple exciton generation represent a class of promising solar energy absorbing materials. Above are just two examples of promising nanomaterials. Combination of different nanomaterials into a single architecture leads to improved properties, or even more promising, multifunctionalities. In this talk, I will present some of our recent work on the design and synthesis of NIR absorbing materials (such as NIR plasmonic nanostructures, NIR absorbing QDs and two-dimensional black phosphorous) and on their combination with semiconductors for extending photon absorption into the NIR range for application in solar fuel and photocatalysis [1-8]. Rational design of hybrid nanomaterials, which is the key to maximize the benefits from respective nano-components, is highlighted. 

This study uses sustainable materials and service design applied to medical design equipment to improve the texture of medical design, especially focus on wearable devices, whether structural or decorative for functional elements. Moreover, the use of materials to be closer to the user's sense of touch and the use of service concepts to achieve the characteristics of sensual affinity. This study transforms the process spirit into a medical design element, allowing a functional medical design (Security, reliability, and effective) to enhance product performances. In this project, researchers and designers will approach the application of medical design from the perspective of product semantics and service complementarity. We will discuss the service essence of medical design through the exchange of design concept with a professional physician and users. This project takes the design anthropology perspective to identify the user situational atmosphere, from the service image modelling elements take (fetch) to combine the user environments, the metaphysical, the predicate of the person. We look forward to guiding design thinking through design anthropology by translating the meaning of craft aesthetic into the modelling language of product design, providing designers with (student) A reference to medical design in future, by way of thinking about the shape design of medical design. The purpose of this study is as follows: 1.For home-health care device: carry out product design analysis (storyboards) to deconstruct user characteristic requirements and reconstruct innovative strategies. 2.For life-assistive device: the nature of the medical design to deconstruct and refactoring using a feature, meaning, and aesthetics as a reference for an innovative design approach and to view possible innovation for medical service design. 3.Learn service communication for designers or (students) etc.: there is more fully mastered for medical design applications and is used in commodity design and development to create a new medical service design strategy. Figure 1 Medical service design model 1. Thoughtless design is magnified greatly when it shows up in a healthcare process or medical device”. Therefore, any attempt to design and re-design services in the medical sector needs to be carefully and holistically planned and implemented. Partial process improvements or changes within present services without considering the whole process, current professional-patient relationship model and people’s behavior are destined to failure  The main challenge for any SD (service design) project in healthcare is to find a suitable design approach to overcome the complex nature of a medical system and the problematic situations that occur today. The current practice in healthcare SD is to operate mainly within human-cent red design approaches where Customer Journey mapping, creating Personas and Service Blueprint have been the most widely used methods  SD with its methods has been proven to be a useful approach to facilitate change of a medical system from fragmented care to collaborative team-based care for patientsDuring the analysis phase, the first task is to better understand the current service process from the customer perspective, to get deeper understanding of their experience, attitudes, problems and needs. Design Anthropology was seen as an appropriate approach to acquire this type of information. More specifically, in-depth interviews were chosen as a data collection method. In-depth interviews are used to generate knew knowledge and can be well used to get ideas and suggestions on a particular topic. Design Anthropology provides flexible and unstructured way to guide the designers through the pre-defined theme using a rough topic guide. Each topic can be explored deeper with follow-up ques

In this study, the temperature dependent PL spectra measurement has provided us a feasible means to elucidate the nature of the emissive species and the melt transitions in different polythiophenes. The effects of thermal fluctuation on different phases of a bulky substituted poly (3-(2, 5-dioctylphenyl) thiophene) (PDOPT) and Poly(3 hexylthiopne-2 5diyl) (P3HT) have been systematically investigated using photoluminescence spectroscopy. This has been achieved by performing in-situ temperature dependent photoluminescence measurements followed by detailed spectral analysis. For PDOPT, the intensities of the emitted species varied as a function of temperature that determine degrees of order. Well-ordered crystals emitted strongly in lower energies as opposed to less ordered films and spherulitic crystals. From the deconvoluted PL spectra, it was revealed that, the emitting energy bands remained constant with shift of intensity with ordered crystals emitting strongly in higher wavelengths as compared to their disordered counterparts that emit strongly in lower wavelengths. On the other hand, for P3HT, the spectrally resolved PL lineshapes through multipeak Gaussian functions simulating 0-0, 0-1, 0-n peaks have revealed multiple vibrational replicas yielding different emitting species (states). We suggest that the temperature dependent vibronic progressions arise from different electronic origins i.e. different species (fluorophores) due to multiple crystalline polymorphs within the crystal with varied coupling of the excited states. From our observation, we conclude that it is not sufficient to invoke only the intramolecular interactions in explaining the nature of PL spectra of highly ordered polythiophenes which are widely dominated by both interchain and intrachain interaction.

Recently, developments in optical filters have enabled the facile use of Raman spectroscopy to detect low-frequency vibrational (LFV) modes. We presented a new method for differentiating racemic from enantiopure crystals by using, for the first time, Raman spectroscopy to characterize the LFV modes of crystalline organic materials composed of chiral molecules. The LF-Raman spectra of racemic and enantiopure crystals exhibit a significant variation, which we attribute to different hydrogen-bond networks in the chiral crystal structures. Across a representative set of amino acids, we observed that when comparing racemic versus enantiopure crystals, the available LFV modes and their relative scattering intensity are strong functions of side chain polarity. Thus, LF-Raman can be used as a complementary method to the currently used methods for characterizing crystal’s chirality.The pharmaceutical industry is in need of new techniques to identify the chirality of solids due to regulatory and safety concerns regarding the biological activity of enantiomers. Since we found the LF-Raman spectra of racemic and enantiopure crystals are significantly different, we set out to demonstrate the capabilities of our method for chiral purity investigation. For that we used a model system based on chiral crystals of enantiopure, racemic crystals and their mixtures in various ratios. Using this method, we were able to identify small amounts, as low as 1% w/w, of an enantiomer in racemic crystals. Comparing the achieved sensitivity for enantiomeric excess measurement in chiral crystals to that of circular dichroism and X-ray diffraction measurements showed that LF-Raman attains high sensitivity in solids that is similar to chiral optical methods used for solutions. Overall, our proposed approach of using Raman spectroscopy for determining enantiomeric excess in crystals is simple, fast, and offers a high degree of chiral sensitivity.

Contact interactions under indentation, scratching and friction in different lubricated conditions were studied by application of acoustic emission (AE) signals, hardness measurement and the analysis of deformed structure. To compare the AE parameters during contact interaction, the indentation and scratching of ductile copper (Cu) and brittle silicon (Si) were evaluated. The effect of different phase of indentation   as loading, dwell and unloading on the AE signals were studied. The AE frequencies under indentation and scratching of Cu and Si were compared. Scratching of Si is characterized by scrubbing in nanoscale, accumulation of the shear stress waves and damage development.Friction of four fcc metals (Ag, Cu, Ni and Al) rubbed in different lubricated conditions was accompanied by the analysis of the AE parameters. The transitions from the elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) to boundary lubrication (BL) regions were studied using Stribeck curves. The similar EHL-BL transitions were observed in the curves of AE frequency variations with load increasing. The AE frequency values characterize friction behavior both in macro scale (interaction between contact spots) and microscale (contact interactions in the single spot). The models of friction in different lubricated conditions based on the analysis of AE waveforms are proposed. Shear bands are responsible for formation and development of cracks and microchips under scratching of Si. The AE waveforms during friction in lubricated conditions were analyzed. It was shown that the waveforms characterize the friction both in the macro scale (contact spot interaction) and microscale (single contact interactions in the spot).

In recent years, the magneto resistance switching memory (MRSM) is used as a keyword for phenomena that comprise the non-volatile and often reversible modification of a device’s electrical resistance R, typically initiated by the application of a voltage or current pulse. In a previous study, researchers have successfully integrated spin-valve effect and electrical non-volatile memory to ­form a novel multifunctional spintronic device, which shows a structure of thin film. But these devices have thus far not been able to simultaneously satisfy the requirements of room temperature operation, large magnetoresistance (MR) value, small magnetic field, and simple structure. Also building a preferable multifunctional memory with considerable MR value at room temperature is a big challenge in others studies. But also our method is an alternative route for bypassing these problems.  In this work, we prepared the MoS₂-based spin valve structures with lower cost and easier availability-essential factors for MRSM devices. The MR and the I-V curves characterize the transport properties of the 2D-based spin valves structure, which exhibit both types of non-volatile memory switching, i.e., the magnetoresistance and the memristive switching. This device showing a relative giant magnetoresistance (GMR) of 6% at small magnetic field (400 mT) in the initial state at room temperature. By applying voltage pulses the overall device resistance was decreased while the relative MR increased and showing a unique tunnelling magnetoresistance (TMR) of 1000%. The device resistance could be increased to 10^5 times while the GMR was completely changed to TMR. The results reveal the possibility of integrating 2D materials into the future multifunctional molecular-level spintronic device applications.

Shape morphing strategy of flexible parabolic antenna actuated with Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) actuators is discussed in this paper. A C-band reflector is made of Polycarbonate Lexan material and manufactured using vacuum forming and Pre-blow technique using perfectly machined Aluminium mould. The flexible reflector has centrally mounted Goose-neck shaped feed support structure. Metallisation of the reflector has been carried out on the hydrophobic concave surface using Vacuum deposition (VDP) approach. Major application of such flexible Antennas is for variable illumination or footprint generation for any given topology on earth. In addition, a novel self-locking device is also used. The locking is highly desirable in space where power is very critical issue of concern. Based upon the demand, the locking device can keep the structure in deformed configuration even after the power from SMA actuators is cut off. An eight bit absolute encoder is installed with locking device to control the shape of the Antenna in a closed loop system. Presently, we have experimentally validated four such actuation points on the Antenna , by making the wavefront or skin of the reflector active by using Austenite and Martensite state trained Strands of Shape Memory Alloy (NiTinol) wires at specific temperature range, which will be customized to elevated space temperatures in the design Validation model of the reflector coming up in light weight space qualified PEEK (Poly Ether Ether Ketone) material. To predict the coupled deflection of structure from heated SMA wires, Finite Element (FE) analysis is carried out using Abaqus. Thereafter, Electro-Magnetic (EM) pattern prediction for the deformed shape is carried out. Two modes of EM pattern have been considered viz. Steering and Shaping. Three different cases of shaping are discussed (a) Undeformed Antenna structure, (b) Shaped Antenna with deformation at a Control point, (c) Steered antenna structure. The EM patterns corresponding to each mode are analysed using Geometric theory of diffraction (GTD) technique using Matlab. The presented study is envisaged to provide useful insights in the design of flexible antenna system for both space segment and in Ground segment as futuristic radome based smart DTH systems.

Memristor devices with enormous storage capacity and superior processing efficiency are of critical importance to overcome the Moore’s Law limitation and von Neumann bottleneck problems in the big data and artificial intelligence era. In this contribution, we report the first proof-of-concept polymer memristor based processing-memory unit that demonstrates programmable information storage and processing capability. By introducing redox active moieties of triphenylamine (TPA) and ferrocene (Fc) onto the pendants of fluorene skeletons, the conjugated polymer of PFTPA-Fc exhibits triple oxidation behavior and interesting memristive switching characteristics. Associated with the unique electrochemical and electrical behavior, the ITO/PFTPA-Fc/Pt device is capable of executing multilevel memory and four basic decimal arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Redox gating of the device also endows it with simple binary Boolean logic operations. The integration of multilevel memory and computing capability into a single memristor device through molecular design and electronic properties tuning of polymer promises an essential strategy of obtaining high-performance electronic device that satisfies the increasing demands of data storage and processing nowadays.(Left) Structure of PFTPA-Fc and (Right) Demonstration of arithmetic computing with the PFTPA-Fc memristor: (a) Commutative addition, (b) subtraction and (c) multiplication, as well as (d) fractional division conducted with the ITO/PFTPA-Fc/Pt device

Industrial operations such as metallurgical processes, as well as the burning of fossil fuels, result in human-induced nickel emissions, especially in the air and water systems in particular. Nickel-bearing particles in the air can settle into surface waters and soil and thus, nickel can be taken by plants and animals. Therefore, the level of nickel in various matrices, such as food and water, especially in drinking water sources, must be constantly monitored and analyzed. The determination of nickel, which have such great effects on human health and environment, has become very important nowadays. For this reason, many methods have been developed. These methods can provide wide linear range values and good detection limits, but they need to very expensive devices for use in the laboratory and a qualified staff for the application.In this study, a polymeric fluorescence sensor for the analysis of nickel ions in different matrix has been developed. Parameters required for determination such as pH, measurement range, selectivity, precision, response time, reproducibility were also systematically conducted. Once the characterization of the sensor has been made, optimal conditions were determined so that the analysis could be performed. The fluorescent sensor has been successfully applied to real samples for determination of Ni(II) ions. The results strongly show that the novel sensor can be used for Ni(II) ions determination in various matrices.

The fabrication of finite arrangement with nanoscale materials is key to current technology and self-assembly and self-organization is considered an efficient and cost-effective and so a preferred process for building ordered structure of nano particles. Carbon nanotubes are very interesting material for its properties and molecular structures. Carbon nanotubes can assemble in different morphologies depending on its physical synthesis method. The different morphologies of CNT are coiled CNTs, CNT junctions and toroidal CNTs. Thin polymer film < 100 nm also undergoes self-organization resulting in formation of arrays of droplets. These spontaneously formed ordered patterns or structures on the surface has wide range of technological applications. The retraction of fluid from the surface that it was supposed to cover leads to the phenomenon of dewetting causing the arrangement of droplets which  act as a template for the self-assembly of the  carbon nanotubes. The self-organized patterns on the thin PS film along with Marangoni flow is the driving force behind the circular ring formation of the carbon nanotubes without any external physical method. Toroidal or circular ring carbon nanotubes are unique structure of interesting properties. These surface structures can be of great use in biomedical purposes like skin grafting, sensors, superhydrophobic coating and others.

Active control of radiation patterns of antenna have large number of potential applications in space as well as ground segment. Such reconfigurable antenna has primarily two functionalities, namely beam steering and beam shaping. There are suitable antenna techniques available, which can achieve both steering and shaping using the mechanisms based on Shape memory alloys. Electromagnetic far field intensity pattern in those models is calculated using the GO (Geometrical optics) technique. Geometrical optic techniques are fundamental but still do not cover the complete essence of the optical phenomenon. The GO assumes ideal conditions which are very difficult to achieve in a practical antenna system. It do not mention the diffraction patterns created by the reflecting waves. There are certain other complications which have not been solved. For example, the feed position for calculating the intensity pattern is considered perfectly at the focal point, zero root mean square (RMS) error of the reflector surface, negation of the effect of feed holding structure and so on. Our study incorporates all the features of the geometrical theory of diffraction for the calculation of far field intensity pattern of antenna in both beam shaping and bean steering conditions which gives better and accurate radiation patterns. A methodology of achieving surface coordinates for desired radiation pattern is also calculated. Finally, the study provides useful insights into the design of flexible and reconfigurable antenna system for space applications. 

Two ternary W-7Cr-44Al and W-8Cr-21Al alloys were tailored using sputter deposition method, and their morphological and compositional phases are characterized using scanning electron microscopic with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic (SEM/EDS), atomic force microscopic (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Electrochemical corrosion effects of the simultaneous additions of tungsten, chromium and aluminium in the sputter-deposited W-xCr-yAl alloys were investigated in 1 M HCl, 0.5 M NaCl and 1 M NaOH solutions open to air at 25±1°C.The sputter deposition method seems to be effective technique for the preparation of homogeneous single phase amorphous/nano-crystalline W–xCr–yAl alloys in a wide compositional range. High electrochemical corrosion resistance properties of these alloys show even in very aggressive electrolytes of 1 M HCl and 0.5 M NaCl at room temperature. The corrosion resistance behavior of the alloys is higher in 1 M HCl than in 0.5 M NaCl as well as 1 M NaOH solutions. The alloys are severely corroded in 1 M NaOH solution, mostly due to the breakdown of the films formed on the alloy surface. Pitting corrosion of the W–xCr–yAl alloys is found to be less pronounced in 0.5 M NaCl than in 1 M HCl.

 

Construction project is one of the most sophisticated types of projects which include group of tasks that should be combined to achieve an object. Coordination between them needs to make sort of connection between management for materials, and management for information. Information and communication technology (ICT) is one of the most flexible type of technology which is suitable for any type of project even construction projects. Using smart web-based software is a Unique and innovative solution for management problems generally. In construction sites there are several factors affecting use ICT.to solve it a new software package proposed to improve management process in case study ( small construction project), this smart technology aimed to serve basic element of management (cost, time, and quality) and decrease barriers facing ICT implementation in construction projects. The mechanism of work for the software build according levels of authority for users, the software itself build by simple and available technology. Comparing the results obtained with the opinions of experts gave close results that encourage the adoption of the software as an assistant solution for senior management to make sound decisions. The acceptance of results and Its adoption as a reliable source of decisions will open the horizon for a new management style, determining KPI (key of performance indicator) makes projects management meet global requirements and makes mining in database of projects as a default and smart solution to discover hidden information helps project manager to be more accurate in his orders.   

The main sources of formaldehyde, which is considered to be toxic and carcinogenic and is the most common indoor polluting gas, are mainly emissions from paints, linoleum, varnishes, furnishings, timber and plastic products. For formaldehyde, the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a concentration of 0.016 ppm as the maximum long-term exposure limit. The World Health Organization (WHO) also accepts a threshold limit of 0.08 ppm and 30 minutes. In the studies for the determination of formaldehyde, many methods such as spectrophotometry, chromatography, polarography, etc. have been used [1-2]. Although these methods seem sufficient for the determination, they are disadvantageous because of their low sensitivity and time consuming. In our study, polymeric hybrid fluorescence sensor containing aminosilane has been developed for the determination of formaldehyde by photopolymerization technique. After the characterization of the developed sensor, parameters such as pH, response time, linear range, sensitivity, detection limit required for determination were systematically examined and the sensor was successfully applied to real samples containing formaldehyde.

I will present results obtained in my group about the synthesis of polymers using both carbon dots (CDs) and UV light as initiators. Other cases in which, the carbon dots were used without UV light will also be reported. The CDs produce free radicals in the presence of UV light, indicating their role as initiators. The surface of CDs has many unshared or unpaired electrons, making it negatively charged. My presentation will focus on the use of CDs for the formation of polymers from monomers containing various functional group. The properties of the synthesized CDs and the polymers obtained from the various monomers were characterized by various analytical techniques, including Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Solid-State NMR spectroscopy. This polymerizationtechnique is of interest both from the scientific aspect and for its applicative potential. The synthesized polymers were investigated for their various applications such as antibacterial, adsorption of organic dyes and hazardous materials.