In this work, we propose to create the cathode potential by introducing a redox couple to the cathode while to use hydrogen peroxide to chemically charge to redox ions. Experimentally, it is demonstrated that the ethanol-hydrogen peroxide fuel cell with a redox couple of V4/V5 yields a peak power density of 450 mW cm^-2, which is much higher than that of the conventional cell with direct reduction of hydrogen peroxide.

The bioeconomy, of which bioenergy is a significant part, is essential to achieving a low-carbon future. But adopting the products of the research and development that support the bioeconomy is fraught with misunderstanding at many levels. For example, While the public understands that the bioeconomy is here, there is poor understanding of what it is and what it means. There is also a need for much greater understanding about the bioeconomy among policy makers in general. This lack of understanding is one of the biggest hurdles in getting policy support for what professionals who research, develop, and commercialize bioproducts are trying to accomplish. The public and some policy makers erroneously feel that sustainability is a problem when it comes to the bioeconomy—for example, the food versus fuel debate. That this is based on their biases rather than factual evidence presents significant and critical challenges that must be met. And to top it off, there is an incredible lack of knowledge in most countries about the bioeconomy’s major benefits. Very clear, non-ambiguous messaging is needed, but it’s in short supply. We are losing the opportunity to capture the piblic’s imagination about the bioeconomy. Understanding these varied audiences, knowing how to craft clear, evidence-based messages, and understanding effective approaches like plain language communication and data visualization are essential tools for all scientific and business professionals whose aim is to advance any aspect of the bioeconomy.

Biomass (Lignocellulosic etc), of varied kinds, which is readily and abundantly available in vast areas of India, can be utilised to manufacture processed Bio-Fuels like Bio-Ethanol, Bio-Diesel and Bio-CNG. This will eventually lead to lesser dependency and use of fossil fuels; which are fast reducing. Biomass will become a sustainable alternate and subsequently substitute for fossil fuels.Biomass Supply Chain Management is intrinsic and critical to the envisioned Bio-Fuels scenario and therefore, it is the bedrock of the theme.

There are over 2 trillion barrels of conventional oil still trapped in reservoirs worldwide after conventional recovery methods showed an incapability   to extract them.  Based on these many techniques that involved in tertiary oil recovery were developed. However, most of these technologies limit the further development of oilfields because of their economic restrictions. Recent dramatic fall in oil prices has accentuated the problem. Now, the challenge is to fill out the growing gap between energy demand and supply with more cost effective techniques. Recently, a team of researchers in Abu Dhabi University reported an innovation base on natural surfactants for enhanced oil recovery. NSEOR technique satisfies practically all criteria discussed above.This paper presents this technique as an effective alternative to conventional enhance oil recovery.  NSEOR technique avoids the use of chemical flooding that are harmful to the environment. NSEOR uses two types of plant extracts that increases the total oil recovery to 96% of initial oil in place (IOIP) during the tertiary recovery mode. While water flood recovered around 50% of the IOIP, 0.5% wt of the natural plant extract recovered 77% in the secondary recovery mode. The additives were extracted from two plants available in the United Arab Emirates (Sisyphus Spina Christi plant and Aloe Vera plant.). These natural extracts proved to be very effective in formations containing water with a salinity range of 70,000 to 180,000 ppm with temperature going up to 100 °C. NSEOR laboratory tests have shown very good and promising results.  This new technique has not been applied in many oilfields around the worlds. However, this method did not receive a great attention in the petroleum industry because of its technical bottlenecks. This paper is mainly focused on discussing the basic concept, mechanism, advantages, problems and further trends of MEOR.

Biogas development is one of the government's priority programmes in Nepal (WECS, 2010;  Bajgain and Shakya, 2005; Katuwal and Bohara, 2009; SNV, 2010). However, the replication of the technology is still slow (BSP-Nepal, 2015).  Biogas production is lower than its full capacity (Rao and Baral, 2011) and cannot cover the energy demand of a typical household all year round, especially during winter (KC. Et al, 2011, SNV, 2010, Katuwal and Bohara, 2009). Hence, this study aimed to explore the potential solution to increase domestic biogas production and use so that its benefits for energy security and environmental emission reduction can be optimised. Both quantitative and qualitative research approach were applied. Surveys of biogas households in Nepal were conducted to collect household-level information. This research analysed the effect of co-digestion of dung with agricultural residues to increase biogas yield by using Volumetric Methane Prediction (VMP) model. The cost effectiveness of co-digestion technology is checked out by using financial analysis. The impacts of improved biogas production on energy cost, energy consumption, and associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction were obtained by using Long-range Energy Alternative Planning (LEAP) system model. This study showed that co-digestion of dung with crop residues could improve biogas production up to 150% and would meet most of the household cooking energy demand throughout the year.  Also, the total annual cost of energy after co-digestion is up to 37% cheaper than the existing biogas production, and even up to 45% cheaper than the energy cost of non-biogas households. An improved production can reduce average annual energy consumption by 46-57 gigajoules and GHG emissions, mainly from avoiding deforestation, by 16.7-19.3 tCO2e per household compared to a non-biogas household.

Bioenergy is an energy which facile from vegetable or animal agricultural waste product,forestry or municipal waste industry. In Indonesia, palm oil is the main source for bioenergy utilization. Even today, Indonesia is the biggest producing country of crude palm oil. The elevation price of fuel oil in Indonesia, makes bioenergy must be substituting from fuel oil. Besides the price will be more affordable, bioenergy comes from environmentally friendly
materials too and it can be used up to a very wide range. Based from Bank of Indonesia 2017, around 75% from crude palm oil in Indonesia was exported and has donated around 29,5% from industrial exports in 2016. Utilization of bioenergy now in continued during the research period by researches. Because besides the affordable price, good impact of bioenergy utilization also can improve the country’s economy which produced from crude palm oil by great production. The rising prices of fuel oil also can be handled by changed it with bioenergy utilization to be a source of energy in this era.

Despite the adverse health and environmental impacts of energy consumption, consumers continue making unsustainable consumption decisions mainly due to the lack of sustainable alternatives (such as renewable energy sources, energy efficiency opportunities, public transport, etc.) and/or due to the lack of information regarding the associated energy and environmental costs. Sustainable energy consumption behavior and choices, however, are becoming increasingly vital to address growing climate change and other environmental concerns. Informing consumers of their footprints is emerging as a potential means of promoting sustainable development in forms of smart cities, advanced traveler information systems, resilient infrastructure programs, etc. However, the impact of offering such information on consumers is yet to be determined.

Crude oil is the raw material for many industries to produce consumer products such as gasoline, paraffin oils, asphalt, domestic fuel oil, and polymers. In contrary, sometimes its presence can cause destruction of the environment. In this work, the characteristics of target Abu Dhabi crude oil are investigated under the influence of microorganisms (bacteria) cultivated in a green tea media. Bacteria influence on crude oil chemical composition and physical-chemical properties such as oil viscosity and surface tension are studied. Several samples were prepared using deionized water, green tea, cultivated green tea, sodium chloride and crude oil. Emulsions formation were observed for some samples. Promising results obtained can have applications in oil industry.

This paper presents the results of two sets of laboratory experiments on biogas generation from the wastes of a rural vegetable market of Bangladesh under daily feed condition. The daily average composition of easily biodegradable wastes was used as the substrate for biogas generation. Cow dung, cauliflower stick, papaya and potato were the major biodegradable wastes.

Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolour [L.]Moench) is the widely accepted second generation feedstock for biofuel crop in which the stem reserves the fermentable sugars. In this study selectivity of the best juice yielding genotypes (8) of the sweet sorghum (Urja, Keller, Wray, and BJ 248 varieties are exotic and SSV 74, SSV 84, CSH 22SS and CSV19SS) and selectivity of the efficient ethanol producing organisms were carried out. Three years from 2012 to 2014 crop data along the three seasons grown in randomized block design were compared for the study.