The objective of this research was to determine if there is a difference in performance and carcass yield between ducks of two different strains raised in different altitude. Ducks different strains (Muscovy vs Pekin ducks) and they raised either in high or low altitude (high altitude which was between 500 and 1000m vs low altitude which was below 500m). All ducks were given one of two different diet s and provided water ad libitum. The diets were: 1) commercial diet, and 2) local diet. There were three replicate per treatment and there were 5 ducks per replication. Ducks from each strain were standardized to a similar weight. The results show that Pekin ducks carcass performance was significantly better than Muscovy ducks. Ducks given diet 2 had significantly (P<0.001) lower carcass percentage than those given diet 1. Pekin ducks had greater genetic potential for carcass performance in high altitude environment. However, abdominal fat percentage in Pekin ducks is significantly (P<0.01) higher than abdominal fat percentage in Muscovy ducks.

The endosomal vesicles and to the cytosol of antigen presenting cells (APCs) explains why both T helper cells (vesicles) and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (cytosol) are efficiently induced by ISCOMs. The T helper (Th) cell response is balanced in the sense that both Th1 and Th2 cells are induced. Prominent IL-12 production by cells in the innate system is a characteristic reaction induced by ISCOMs, promoting the development of a strong Th1 response. After mucosal administration by the intranasal or the intestinal routes, the ISCOM induces strong specific mucosal IgA responses in local and remote mucosal surfaces. Also T cell responses are evoked by the mucosal administration. A large number of experimental ISCOM vaccines have been tested and protection has been induced against a number of pathogens in various species including chronic and persistent infections exemplified by human immune deficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), and 2 (HIV-2) and simian immune deficiency virus (SIV) in primates, and various herpes virus infections in several species.

Animal vaccination is most cost-effective and impressive method of controlling infectious disease. Veterinary vaccines not only for the strong immune system in animal but also play a effective role in reducing the transmission of zoonotic diseases to humans and in securing food supply for humans. The traditional inactivated or live-attenuated vaccines constitute the majority of the licensed veterinary vaccines that are recently in use. Some drawback associated with conventional vaccines, and there are still several diseases that have yet to be treated successfully, demonstrating the need for better and safest vaccines. Recombinant vaccines represent a vital strategy by which some of the limitations of conventional vaccines can be overcome. Currently, the veterinary field has witnessed the most powerful and successful applications recombinant vaccine where more than a dozen viral-vectored vaccines, subunit, DNA, RNA, and virus like particles-based vaccines were licensed for veterinary use, and many more are under development. There is a wave of rationally designed vaccine innovations ahead of us to benefit animals, animal owners, and ultimately humans and society.