There is no dought that veterinary dentistry has been a developing field through years specially in small animal practice , as animal grow older develop more both dental and periodontal problems either due to diet or acquired causes such as trauma leading to to some serious problems as crown fracture and even jaw fracture. In this article focusing more on crown fractures as a commonly presented problem to small animal clinics around the world easy to observe but to deal with the case properly to avoid some serious complications and to help maintaining the tooth function other than extracting the tooth, how to diagnose the case properly ,types , complications and proper treatment is the main aim of this article.

The work aims to evaluate the effects of noise and microplastic pollution on indigenous populations of dolphins in Italian seas. The effect of the airguns used in oil exploration and the increasingly incident maritime traffic are causing considerable damage to the species of dolphins present in our seas, in particular Bottlenose dolphins and Dolphins. The main cause of stranding of small cetaceans seems to be precisely the acoustic wetting. The anatomopathological analysis of the stranded bodies shows a strong level of pollution from microplastics which are constantly highlighted in the liver and reproductive organs. from studies carried out along all the Italian coasts, 77% of beached dolphins have very high quantities of microplastics in the muscles and reproductive organs. Since 2011, the quantities of microplastics found in beached dolphins have increased by 56%. The effect of microplastics and phthalates in the tissues of the reproductive systems causes a decrease in fertility and reproductive capacity. The  direct effect of anthropogenic activity, both as regards noise pollution and microplastics, is the main cause of the decrease of small cetaceans along the Italian coasts.
Biological competition with humans and the increase in fishing strenght seems to have become a completely secondary aspect to explain the decrease in the dolphins present in the Italian seas.

Despite the large number and the importance of sheep in Morocco, artificial insemination (AI) in
this species is not yet an operative tool for the ovine breeding development and selection. In the actual con-
text of climatic change, many countries consider AI as a major tool for the genetic improvement and the selection of specific traits of interest for sustainable development. In fact, the first trials in Morocco started in 1987 and have continued at a very slow pace until 2000. Recently, an integrated study has been carried out in a collaborative approach merging INRA-Settat-Morocco and INRA-Nouzilly-France. The present work aims at highlighting the findings resulting from this collaboration. Two cycles of three years each have been set up. The Studies concerned the characterization of males and females reproductive features (hormonal profiles, estrus synchronization protocols, seasonal variations of semen production and quality, semen conservation, effects of different diluents, exo-cervical AI trials). However the results obtained in the present study could
not alone promote the technique. The currently biggest and most urgent challenge for the country is to gather all national and international experts, take into account the experience of our Mediterranean neighbors in order to advance the AI activity in sheep and not to forget involving the producers at every step.

Keywords: Artificial insemination – Sheep – Present – Perspectives.