The insertion technique of subclavian central lines has seen some variations since it`s early description. Many of these changes resulted from the increasingly popular use of POCUS (point of care ultrasound).  My talk, at the 2020 International Conference on Critical Care and Emergency Medicine in Dubai, aims to give an overview over the different methods of subclavian central line insertion. It will cover the variations when using landmark based techniques, as well as ultrasound guided supraclavicular and infraclavicular approaches and the ultrasound based “PART” technique. It will conclude with an ultrasound-only way to confirm the correct position of central lines.

Background: Patient safety becomes a challenging discipline in educational institutions and healthcare organizations. With this growing recognition of the significance of patient safety, it is essential to assess nursing students’ attitude towards patient safety and factors influencing patient safety in order to reduce potential errors and promote quality of care.

Purpose: The main aim of this study was to assess the attitudes of undergraduate nursing students towards patient safety at the College of Nursing-Jeddah. Further, to identify the factors those influence their attitude towards patient safety.

Methods: Mixed methods research was conducted with a concurrent triangulation design. Attitude towards patient safety questionnaire was developed by the researchers and given to all undergraduate nursing students(N=300) who enrolled in the academic year 2017-2018 to collect quantitative data, while a qualitative investigation guided by in-depth interview using a developed guide was conducted with a purposive sampling of 14 undergraduate nursing students to identify the factors influencing nursing students’ attitude towards patient safety. Appropriate statistical analysis was applied while qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis approach.

Result: The present study concluded that Saudi nursing students manifested high and positive attitude level towards patient safety and indicated that their attitude not affected by the academic level or learning experience. Teaching patient safety issues, team functioning and patient involvement and perceived importance of patient safety scored as the highest dimensions of students’ attitude compared to the error disclosure and management dimensions which rated lower. Students’ attitude towards patient safety was influenced by many factors which extracted from qualitative data content analysis and identified as facilitators or barriers. These factors were thematically categorized as patient factors, staff factors and work environment factors with 25 subfactors under these three themes.

Conclusions & Recommendation: Nursing students are challenged by various factors that influence their attitude towards patient safety. Therefore, they should be supported by the provision of educational training about safe practice to enhance their safety attitude, knowledge and practice. Error reporting and disclosure culture should be a norm in nursing education and health care environment. Therefore, students should participate in the process of error analysis and management and should be provided with adequate clinical supervision. To maintain high levels of quality and safety in healthcare, all schools of nursing and faculties have to revise their curricula with more emphasis on theoretical and practical aspects of patient safety for bridging theory-practice gap. Furthermore, compliance to safety regulations and policies, blame-free environment for errors reporting, providing enough facilities and equipment, sufficient and efficient personnel by the hospital administrators are necessary so, students can practice in a safe environment and promote patient safety. In addition, this study encourages further research to achieve a more explicit understanding and comprehensive view of the factors that affect patient safety particularly from nurse educators’ perspective.

The consensus exists that nursing is a global profession where much emphasis is placed on the transference of skills and knowledge. In reality the situation is more complex as each society attributes its own cultural constructs onto what is meant by the term nurse and how a nurse should be educated. This presentation will detail aspects of an ethnographic study exploring the lived experience of Indian Nurses who have undertaken programmes of study in the United Kingdom (UK). It will also draw an experience of teaching nurses whose primary education was not in the UK. Existing research examines the impact on the nurse as they enter the work force but there is a dearth of literature available on the experience of overseas nurses’ experience of a UK based education. The study has revealed that the concept of ‘learning to learn’ is paramount in the delivery and success of overseas nurses undertaking an education programme away from their home country. The Indian nurses’ previous experience of didactic rote learning has little bearing on the ethos of a UK education with the emphasis on independent and reflective learning. The expectation is often on the overseas nurse to adapt their learning style to suit the institute they are attending.  However the study has revealed the same should be said of the institute. In order to bridge this gap cultural sensitivity needs to be employed in the delivery of teaching and this should be a two way process between the institute and the overseas nurse with an emphasis on cultural competence, adaptation and partnership learning.

Today’s hospitals are rich and complex socio-technical environments where technology and human actions are closely interwoven and patient’s health outcomes are co-dependent on the success of this interaction. Moreover, it is increasingly recognized that the patient journey takes mostly place outside of the hospital. As medical and nursing care becomes more technology-dependent, many fear that sensors, robotics, digitalization, machine learning and artificial intelligence will take the humanity out of health care. Do we need to worry? In this session, it is argued how ‘high tech’ can perform repetitive and redundant activities to enable nursing and medical staff to focus on ‘high touch’. Examples are taken from various area’s of women’s and children’s care, including smart health video consultation, pregancy chatbots, and real-time notifications for hand hygiene performance. If applied properly, new technologies could optimize patient health outcomes while enhancing nursing joy and career perspectives.