Chemical pollution-free future involves a positive environment impact method is need such as microwave-assisted extraction with its variants. According to this statement, extraction techniques with reduce organic solvent consumption are greatly need; this technique must be able to eliminate  chemical solvent, while ensuring a safe and high-quality extract with a good extraction yields and biological activities. This concept makes it possible to meet the challenge of the 21st century for protecting both our environment and human health. In this order of idea, we have therefore worked on the influence of Microwave assisted extraction (MAE) on biological activities of Trichilia roka MAE root bark.

Microwave-assisted process (MAP) technology, a reliable alternative method of extraction. offers some combination of the following advantages: Improved products, increased purity of crude extracts, improved stability of marker compounds, possibility to use less toxic solvents, reduced processing costs, increased recovery and purity of marker compounds, very fast extraction rates, reduced energy and solvent usage. As the matrix is also directly heated from the inside to the outside during microwave extraction, it improves the extraction and solubilisation of the root bark. Growing interest in medicinal plant include: rising costs of orthodox medications, low therapeutic index of synthetic compounds and the growing incidence of drug resistance among the pathogens especially in developing countries with weak economic indices. MAE proved to be the best for the extraction process of T. roka root bark with Inhibition Concentration (IC₅₀) of 2.10^-2 mg/.mL for conventional extraction method and 3.3.10^-3 mg/.mL under MAE process and Total polyphenol content (TPPC) of 12.5 g GAE/100gDW and antioxidant activity (DPPH 90.1%; AOA 90.5%. MAE procedure is a promising technique in recovery efficientely secondary metabolites with interest biological activities from T. roka. root.

Keywords: Trichilia roka root bark; Microwave-assisted extraction, factors; antioxidant; antiplasmodial, total polyphenol content.

The quality and assessment of a reservoir can be documented in details by the application of fluid natural energy. This research aims to calculate fractal dimension from the relationship among fluid natural energy, maximum fluid natural energy and wetting phase saturation and to approve it by the fractal dimension derived from the relationship among inverse pressure head * pressure head and wetting phase saturation. Two equations for calculating the fractal dimensions have been employed. The first one describes the functional relationship between wetting phase saturation, fluid natural energy, maximum fluid natural energy and fractal dimension. The second equation implies to the wetting phase saturation as a function of pressure head and the fractal dimension. Two procedures for obtaining the fractal dimension have been utilized. The first procedure was done by plotting the logarithm of the ratio between fluid natural energy and maximum fluid natural energy versus logarithm wetting phase saturation. The slope of the first procedure = 3- Df (fractal dimension). The second procedure for obtaining the fractal dimension was determined by plotting the logarithm (inverse of pressure head and pressure head ) versus the logarithm of wetting phase saturation. The slope of the second procedure = Df -3. On the basis of the obtained results of the fabricated stratigraphic column and the attained values of the fractal dimension, the sandstones of the Shajara reservoirs of the Shajara Formation were divided here into three units.

Highly efficient, abundant, and low-cost materials are highly demanded for energy conversion applications to address the rising consumption of energy. In this study, polythiophene/reduced graphene (PT/rGO) and PEDOT:PSS/rGO (both Clevios PH1000 and Clevios P Al PH4083) as an efficient and low-cost support material were synthesized via a one-pot two-step in situ chemical polymerization method to enhance the electrocatalytic performance of NiP towards urea oxidation in alkaline media. These materials were characterized using SEM, FTIR, XRD, UV-VIS and TGA devices. The physical characterization reveals nanospherical NiP with multifaceted phases dispersed on PT/rGO and PEDOT:PSS/rGO. The electrochemical activities of as-synthesized catalyst materials towards urea electrooxidation were tested by using cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical activity test exhibits the significant performance improvement of NiP when supported on PT/rGO and both grades of PEDOT:PSS incorporated rGO materials. Among the support materials, the highest performance enhancement with a high current density of 91.2 mAcm^-2 and lower onset potential of 0.26 V, high electrochemically active surface area, high kinetics, and high stability towards alkaline urea electro-oxidation was achieved when NiP dispersed on the surface of PEDOT:PSS/rGO (PH4083). Thus, a new PEDOT:PSS/rGO (PH4083) supported NiP (NiP@PEDOT:PSS/rGO) remarkably outperformed commercial NiP, making it to be a promising anode electrocatalyst material for alkaline urea electro-oxidation in Direct Urea Fuel Cell (DUFC).

Globally, transport accounts for about one quarter of the total carbon dioxide emissions. Energy consumption in the transport sector, which is dominated by fossil fuels, is continuously increasing causing various environmental problems. To cope with these problems alternative automotive technologies and alternative fuels are widely supported by different policy measures. It is of high priority to increase use of renewable energy sources in the transport sector. Currently, biofuels are mostly used alternative to conventional fossil fuels. However, with the increasing use of electric vehicles also electricity and hydrogen produced from renewable energy sources are becoming an important means in the decarbonization of the transport sector. Over the last years, biofuels have been supported worldwide. Yet, with the increasing use of biofuels we are facing new challenges, such as to ensure their sustainability and to avoid their competitions with food production. These challenges as well as changeable policy framework resulted in reduction of investment in biofuel technologies over the last decade. Currently, focus is put on electrification of mobility, although, in spite of the different supporting policies implemented worldwide, the amount of electricity used in the transport sector is still negligible, especially use of electricity from renewable energy sources. The purpose of this paper is to analyze existing policies, prospects and barriers for the increasing use of renewable energy sources in the road transport. Our method is based on the economic and environmental assessment of alternative fuels and alternative vehicles. Although, they could provide better environmental performance than conventional vehicles and fuels, alternative solutions are still more expensive. However, with technological learning and economics of scale costs could be reduced in the future. The major conclusion is that future use of renewable energy in the transport sector is very dependent on the development of the corresponding total mobility costs and environmental performances. For environmental performance of e-mobility, the priority is to increase use of renewable energy in electricity generation. Appropriate policy measures should ensure increasing use of renewable energy sources and faster decarbonization of the road transport.