Webinar on
Critical Care and Emergency Medicine
August 26, 2021
Scientific Program
Keynote Session:
Title: Investigation of brain activity during type II communication of the elderly by near infrared spectroscopy
Biography:
She has engaged in education and research on deontological nursing and home care nursing. Her research themes are the desirable communication between the elderly and the care staff and the effective way of support for the elderly ADL independence. In particular, her research on the elderly communication is garnering attention around the world. Her article (Fukaya ,et al .2016) will be published as a chapter in eBook "Top 10 Contributions on Nursing & Health Care".
Abstract:
In our previous studies, we clarified that there were two types of linguistic communication between elderly people in need of long-term care and care providers: Type I communication: Task oriented communication and Type II communication: Life worldly communication. In geriatric care facilities, the average speech duration per day was 4 minutes, which was extremely short. It was caused by the fact that about 75% of the conversation was occupied by type I communication and the speech of the elderly was restricted. On the other hand, type II communication was proved to increase the elderly speech duration. It was also proved that the lack of type II communication not only affected the quality of life of the elderly but also may affect the deterioration of the mental activity and the occurrence of dementia of the elderly. However, it has not been clarified how these types of communication affect the brain activity. Therefore, this study is aimed to measure the brain activity during type I and type II communication by Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) and to analyze the difference between them. The subjects were 25 elderly people aged 65 years or older who did not suffer from dementia. The 16 channels of NIRS system (NIRO200NX, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Japan) were applied for each participant. We conducted communication with the elderly using communication guides of each types. Changes in the concentrations of oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy HB), deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxy HB) and total hemoglobin(total HB) were measured using NIRS to observe the brain activity during the communication. The video recording was also performed with NIRS.
Title: Screening for violence in the home: mHealth Technology Versus Paper?
Biography:
Phyllis Sharps, PhD, RN, FAAN, Elsie M. Lawler Endowed Chair, Professor of Nursing and Associate Dean for Community Programs and Initiatives, at the Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing. She is internationally known for her research, leadership of interdisciplinary research teams and her advocacy for violence against pregnant and parenting women. She has published more than 90 articles on reducing violence among African American women, specifically, the physical and mental health consequences of violence against pregnant and parenting women, infants, and very young children. She has been the principal investigator for 2 NIH funded grants, totaling more than $8M.
Abstract:
Globally, the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy ranges from 4%-29%. Screening and identifying abused pregnant women continues to be a challenge, especially for home visiting programs. Computer-assisted technology has been effective for screening sensitive issues such as depression and substance use. The purpose of this presentation is to describe the effectiveness of two different methods (paper-pencil vs. computer-assisted) for screening for IPV in perinatal home visit programs Pregnant women (N=416) participating in the "Perinatal Home Visiting Program Enhanced with mHealth Technology'' (1 R01 HD 071771 NICHD/NIH) in urban, suburban and rural settings were randomized to either traditional paper-pencil IPV screening or IPV screening on hand-held tablets. Screening data were examined for IPV prevalence rates comparing paper-pencil vs. tablet. Variables included settings and ethnic/racial background. The prevalence rates were similar using paper was 21.8% versus 24.5% using tablets (p=.507). Although there were no significant differences between paper versus tablet the prevalence rates were higher using tablets (Urban –paper=15.6% vs. tablet=16.3%, p=.881; Suburban paper=30.6% vs. tablet=34.5%, p=.634; Rural-paper=22.9% vs. tablet=31.7%, p=0.390). Prevalence rates were not significantly different between the two screening methods; however paper screening had a slightly higher prevalence (Af. Am.–paper=28.8% vs. tablet=24.5 % -p=0.62q; Euro Am - paper=20.7% vs. tablet=20.0%, p=.895). This study’s result provides evidence that women will reveal their abuse status regardless how asked or strategies used to screen for IPV. The important strategy is having protocols and training that prepare health care providers to screen for IPV. Health care providers in all settings that provide care to women should screen and then connect women to resources in order to improve pregnancy outcomes.
Title: Changes in sexual behaviors due to the utilization of PrEP as a preventive method for the transmission of HIV
Biography:
Michael Kaltenbach is a part-time lecturer at Rutgers University School of Social Work, teaching a course in Human Behavior in the Social Environment. He has previously taught BSW and MSW level courses in crisis intervention and brief therapy, clinical practice, intro. to social welfare / human services, communication in social work practice, human behavior and the social environment, and emotional disorders in childhood and adolescents at Temple University and the University of Southern California. Kaltenbach has been working in the field of psychology and social work for the past twenty-three years, and eighteen of those years have been since he received his master's degree in Social Work. His doctoral dissertation research interest focused on how sexual behaviors have changed due to the usage of PrEP, as a HIV preventive method. His research data as interpreted through the theoretical / conceptual perspectives of cognitive-behavioral theory and relational-cultural therapy. Kaltenbach is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in California, New York, and Pennsylvania, and has many years of experience providing psychotherapy, case management, and other social services in a variety of settings: hospitals, HIV outpatient clinics, schools, foster care agencies, group homes, etc. He has experience providing Clinical Supervision as well as Field Instruction to MSW level Social Workers and Interns from USC and UCLA. He formerly served as a Co-Facilitator for the LA County HIV Mental Health Task Force and has provided lectures on various mental health topics. Previously, he was a Teacher’s Assistant (T.A.) for a professor at the University of Pennsylvania School of Social Policy & Practice’s MSW level course on Post-colonial Social Work Practice: International Social Welfare in Kolkata, India. He enjoys traveling and learning about various cultures. After he obtained his bachelor’s degree he served as an US Peace Corps Volunteer in Senegal, West Africa. When Kaltenbach is not teaching, he currently provides psychotherapy in his private practice office located in Philadelphia, PA. He also provides psychotherapy on a fee-for-service basis at outpatient community counseling centers in West and South Philadelphia, and at a Senior Assisted Living Facilities in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, NYC and Manhattan, NYC.
Abstract:
According to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 33.4 million individuals throughout the world have been affected by HIV/AIDS in the last 30 years or so (Bonacquisti & Geller, 2013). The medication, Truvada, otherwise known as PrEP has been introduced to serve as a harm reduction technique to combat the spread of HIV infection. PrEP is an antiretroviral drug that lowers the risk of HIV exposure. This is a qualitative study examining the sexual behaviors of gay and bisexual men prescribed PrEP as a preventive method for the transmission of HIV. I conducted 30 semi-structured in-depth interviews of people who had been prescribed PrEP for at least 30 days in three cities: Los Angeles, Philadelphia, and New York City. The results indicate that contextual factors shaped the sexual behaviors of participants on PrEP, leading them to lower risk at times, and elevate it at others. PrEP caused individuals to experience changes within their communication patterns with their medical providers and their sexual partners. The results shed light on the way people on PrEP engage in sexual and health-seeking behaviors and help to develop a blueprint for the way service providers engage with this community.
