Seba Atmane has completed the diploma of Doctor in Medicine from University of Algiers in 1983. He earned CES of Nephrology from the University RENE DESCARTES Paris in 1986. He is the Professor and Head of Department at Centre hospitalo-universitaire de Tizi Ouzou.

Acute kidney Injury (AKI) is characterized by a reversible increase in the blood concentration of creatinine and nitrogenous waste products and by the inability of the kidney to regulate fluid and electrolyte homeostasis appropriately. There are many causes of AKI, . Some causes of AKI, such as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN), may present as AKI but rapidly evolve into chronic kidney disease (CKD). Several renal diseases, such as the hemolytic–uremic syndrome (HUS), Henoch–Schönlein purpura, and obstructive uropathy with associated renal dysplasia, may present as AKI with improvement of renal function to normal or near-normal levels, but the child’s renal function may slowly deteriorate, leading to CKD several months to years later.

To study calcium and phosphorus metabolism in patients of sickle cell nephropathy, presenting to a Tertiary care hospital in a series of patients with sickle-cell anaemia, serum phosphate and magnesium concentrations were elevated. Serum calcium concentrations were normal. Urinary excretion of calcium was decreased. The maximum tubular reabsorption of phosphate per litre of glomerular filtrate (TmP/GFR) was significantly increased in these patients.The increase in phosphate reabsorption explains the elevated serum phosphate observed in these patients.

Robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) is a well-accepted surgical treatment modality for localized prostate adenocarcinoma. Over the past decade, it has become the primary surgical treatment for prostate cancer in the United States and abroad. While more expensive than traditional open prostatectomy, it does confer less operative blood loss and shorter hospital stay at many institutions. Comparative prospective randomized data are lacking, but many studies have demonstrated that RALP confers at least equivalent oncological and functional outcomes compared to open. The surgical steps include peritoneal access, release of the bladder from anterior abdominal wall, ligation of the dorsal venous complex, dissection of the bladder neck and seminal vesicles, ligation of the vascular pedicles, transection of the urethra, and creation of a vesicourethral anastomosis. For patients with intermediate or high-risk prostate cancer, a pelvic lymph node dissection is also performed.

Achieving continence in children with neurogenic sphincteric incompetence is a challenge. Awareness of the long-term outcome in this young patient population is important. In the past 25 years, the study institution has built experience in bladder outlet procedures such as bladder neck sling and bladder neck reconstructions

Sacral neuromodulation(SNM) is a new approach in the treatment of Bladder Bowel dysfunction(BBD),as well as neuropathic lower urinary tract disorders.The aim of this study is to evaluate the  non- technical reasons Of failure for SNM. 

We made an assessment of the situation of Hemodialysis (HD) patients in the period of economic crisis compared to international data through the recording of demographic characteristics.  Our sample consists of 2,586 subjects undergoing HD (27% of patients in HD), with the most common cause of end-stage renal disease for patients undergoing HD is the "unknown cause" with 33.02%. Similar is the situation in Spain (30.3%), Italy (30.3%), Hungary (41.7%), Poland (25.8%) and Portugal (28.1%). The mean age was determined at 68.7 ± 14.1 years (63.7% men) and 66.3 ± 13.2 years (49.4% men) for the Czech Republic up to 68.9 ± 15 years (58 , 8% men) for France. We noticed that patients with "unknown cause" are following an ESRD patient in HD. In their dossier, drugs such as,epoetin alfa, IV iron therary, levocarnitine, vitamins, clopidogrel and hydrochloride. At the same time, there is no mention of another co-existing disease, such as fabry disease, which could have led the patient either to hemodialysis or to cause a worsening of the dementia of patients on hemodialysis. 

We conducted a double blind, placebo-controlled study of 354 patients with LUTS/BPH from 19 institutions, to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Serenoa repens. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) into the Serenoa repens extract (320 mg) or placebo groups for 24 weeks. Primary efficacy parameters were changes in International Prostate Symptom Score and peak urinary flow from baseline to each assessment. Secondary efficacy parameters included improvement of storage symptom and voiding symptom scores, prostate volume, urinary frequency, and total prostate-specific antigen level. Other parameters assessed were quality of life score, a four‐item male sexual function questionnaire score, and International Index of Erectile Function score across the consecutive double-blind visits.

A retrospective review of patients undergoing flexible URS for renal stones only with subsequent CT scan within 3 months. Meticulous basketing of all stone fragments was performed whenever possible. A “true” zero-fragment stone-free rate was determined by reviewing the CT scan and radiologist's report. Patients with nephrocalcinosis (as determined by visual inspection of papilla at the time of URS) were assigned the “stone-free” category.

In children and adolescents underweight is a significant risk factor for infection especially in developing countries, probably reflecting malnutrition and poor hygienic standards. Data from industrialized countries suggest that infection rate is also increased in obese children and adolescents. Similarly, several studies suggest a U-shaped increased infection rate in both underweight and obese adults. In the latter, infections of the skin and respiratory tract as well as surgical-site infections have consistently been reported to be more common than in normal-weight participants. Paradoxically, mortality of critically ill patients was reduced in obesity in some studies.

Massively parallel sequencing technologies such as exome sequencing are increasingly applied across medicine. Connaughton report a high diagnostic yield of exome sequencing among adults with hereditary nephropathy or nephropathy of unknown cause. Their findings support broader use of genomic sequencing in nephrology and highlight key associated questions, including how to identify those patients for whom testing is indicated, pinpoint pathogenic variants, and balance the resultant health care benefits and clinical follow-up burden.

Statement of the Problem: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) involves high number of population worldwide, which on its way increases brain-vascular diseases risk. Among the main reasons for increased brain disorders evidence in patients with CKD is iron homeostasis disregulation. Impairment of brain cognitive function is an early sign of atherosclerosis development. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: 75 patients with chronic kidney disease (stages III to V) were included; age 52.9 ± 5.5. The established results were compared to sex and age matched healthy control and with CKD patients with no atherosclerotic changes. Routine blood analyses as CBC, serum iron, ferritin, hsCRP and specific hepcidin were measured in the included groups. IMT, MMSE, CERAD tests were used for atherosclerotic changes evaluation. Findings: We found increased serum hepcidin levels in CKD patients with IMT, MMSE, CERAD changes (247.3 ± 25.4 μg/L) compared to healthy controls  (21.9 ± 1.7 μg/L); P<0.001. A positive correlation was found in CKD patients with brain disorders between IMT and serum hepcidin levels (r=0.812, P<0.005). Serum hepcidin correlates positively to atherosclerotic evidence changes in patients with impaired kidney function (r=0.831, P<0.001). Conclusion & Significance: Brain-vascular disease risk factors are connected to chronic kidney function impairment. Disregulation of iron homeostasis is one of the main risk atherogenesis factors. Early hepcidin quantification might predict cognitive disturbances as atherosclerosis symptoms in chronic kidney disease patients, which might be very important for better clinical diagnosis and practice.

At the present, discussions continue on the indications and timing of performing kidney nephrectomy in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney (ADPK) disease who are on the waiting list for kidney transplantation. Large sizes of kidneys, traumatic access, accompanying these operations cause a high incidence of postoperative complications, mortality and aggravate the severity of patients.

Sacral neuromodulation(SNM) is a new approach in the treatment of Bladder Bowel dysfunction(BBD),as well as neuropathic lower urinary tract disorders.The aim of this study is to evaluate the  non- technical reasons Of failure for SNM. 

Transient proteunuria is frequent in various clinical kidney pathologies and can be a result ot tubular damage. As Urinary Tract Obstruction (UTO) can induce tubular injury, we hypotethesied that UTO can cause transient proteinuria. The aims of this study were to determine  whether patients with UTO have a higher incidence or severity of proteinuria compared with catheterized patients without UTO, and whether such proteinuria resolves at short term follow up. The study was a prospective, matched case-control study, that included 50 patients with acute UTO and 50 controls. Proteinuria was quantified using three consecutive 24 hour urinary collections and its  incidence, severity, and quantitative changes were compared between the study groups. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in age (83.12± 7.94 versus 84.48±9.39 (p=0.44)), major co morbidities, chronic medical treatment and causes of hospitalization. Abnormal proteinuria was observed in all patients with UTO and 94% of the control group. The degree of proteinuria was similar between groups in first, second and third collections (638.07±419.69 vs. 620.99±639.57, 828.43±743.15 vs. 648.69±741.48, and 728.30±944.76 vs. 732.80±841.8 mg/24 hours; p=0.88, 0.23 and 0.99, respectively). Proteinuria did not change significantly during a week of in-hospital follow up in either study group (p=0.19 for trend). Conclusion: This study demonstrated a very high incidence of significant proteinuria in a cohort of hospitalized elderly patients either with or without UTO. Proteinuria does not resolve in the early period after relief of UTO. Future study with longer follow up is needed to determine if this proteinuria resolves or persists following hospital discharge and if it has long-term prognostic significance. 

Statement of the Problem: Several studies suggested that oxidative processes might increase in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). Oxidative stress (OS) was considered as a risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular complication that are the major causes of mortality among ESRD patients’ .Haemodialysis (HD) is a state of chronic inflammatory activation which is associated with accelerated cardiovascular disease and high cardiovascular mortality. Gum Arabic (GA) has been claimed to act as an anti-oxidant and cytoprotective agent, protecting against experimental hepatic, renal and cardiac toxicities in both animal and human studies. This study was designed to test a hypothesis that Gum Arabic supplementation of the diet in a population of patients receiving renal replacement therapy by haemodialysis will reduce oxidative stress and therefore reduce the state of chronic inflammatory activation associated with chronic HD. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: In this study 40 end stage renal failure (ESRF) patients aged 18-80 years who were on regular haemodialysis in Arif Renal Center, Omdurman, Sudan, were recruited. All recruited patients met the inclusion criteria and signed the informed consent. Patients received 30 g/day of GA for 12 weeks. Renal function test (RFT), C-reactive protein (CRP), Total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC) and the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured before and after GA intake .Ethical approval from the national medicine and poisons board was  obtained. Findings: Gum Arabic significantly increased TAC level (P  < 0.001) and decreased the oxidative marker MDA  and CRP (P < 0.001). Conclusion & Significance: GA has revealed potent anti- oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties in hemodialysis patients. Daily supplementation of GA (30 g/day) significantly reduced the oxidative stress in hemodialysis patients.