Title: Adaptation mechanism of mango fruit (Mangifera indica L. cv. Chaunsa White) to Heat suggest modulation in several metabolic pathways

Biography:

Zainab Khanum has her expertise in next-generation sequencing, bioinformatics, GC-MS analysis, and functional genomics. Her research interests include developmental genetics and Cancer related functional genomics. She is a Biotechnology graduate from the University of Karachi, Pakistan. She is currently enrolled in the Ph.D. program at the International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Pakistan. Her training at ICCBS has earned her the post-doctoral research opportunity at University of Adelaide, Australia.

Abstract

Climate change is becoming a world problem because of its harmful effects on crop productivity. In this regard, it is crucial to carry out studies to determine the crop's response molecular mechanism to heatwave stress. Response molecular mechanisms during the development and ripening of mango fruit (Mangifera indica L. cv. Chaunsa White) under extreme heatwaves were studied. Mango flowers were tagged and fruits with 18, 34, 62, 79, 92 days after flowering (DAF) as well as fruits with 10 and 15 days of postharvest shelf life were studied through RNA-seq and metabolome of the fruit mesocarp. The environmental temperature was recorded during experiment. Roughly, 2,000,000 clean reads were generated and assembled into 12,876 redundant transcripts and 2,674 non-redundant transcripts. The expression of genes playing a role in oxidative stress, circadian rhythm, senescence, glycolysis, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis and monoterpenoid biosynthesis was quantified as well as changes in reactive oxygen species. Higher expressions of six abiotic stress genes and a senescent associated gene was found at 79 DAF (recorded temperature 44 oC). Higher expressions of nucleoredoxin and glutathione S-transferase 1 family protein were also recorded. Activation of the GABA-shunt pathway was detected by the glutamate decarboxylase transcript expression at 79 DAF. Larger energy demands at the beginning of fruit ripening were indicated by an increase in fructose-bisphosphate aldolase gene expression. Finally, the radical-scavenging effect of mango fruit inflorescence and fruit pulp extracts showed decline upon heatwave exposure. We recorded a broad genetic response of mango fruit suggesting the activation of several metabolic pathways which indicated the occurrence of genetic and metabolic crosstalks in response to intense heatwaves. Collectively, this study presents experimental evidences to help in the elucidation of the molecular mechanism of crops response to heat stress which in turn will help in the designing of protocols to increase crop productivity in the face of World’s climate change.