Women’s nutritional status during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not only critical for her health and sustainability of future generations. The studies showed that Ethiopia is one of the countries with highest level of lactating mother’s malnourishment in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the effect of fermentation time and mixture ratio on improving the nutritional quality of Shameta in order to enhance nutritional status of lactating mothers. Completely randomized design (CRD) with a 3×4 factorial experiment with three replication was implemented. Results showed that the mixture ratio affect the pH, titratable acidity, proximate compositions, minerals content, anti-nutritional factors and antioxidant activity of porridge (unfermented Shameta). Except fiber contents, all proximate compositions, minerals content and antioxidant activity increased through fermentation time, however phytate and tannin decreased by 70.83 and 77.17%, respectively. Present finding revealed that the highest crude protein was observed in Maize-Barley-Faba bean with ratio of 90:10:15 fermented for 12 days (16.56 g/100g), while the highest crude fat (13.23 g/100g) were found in Maize-Barley-Faba bean with ratio of 90:5:5 fermented for the same days. The highest minerals content were observed in Maize-Barley-Faba bean with ratio of 90:10:15 fermented for 12 days, while the lowest phytate and tannin were observed in Maize-Barley-Faba bean with ratio of 90:5:5 fermented for the same days. Present finding confirmed that composite Shameta made of Maize-Barley-Faba bean with ratio of 90:10:15 fermented for 8, 10 and 12 days improved the crude protein and mineral contents with low anti-nutritional factors and good antioxidant activities. Therefore, lactating mothers should composite locally available cereals and legumes to nourish improved protein and minerals. However, researchers can be improved beyond this finding through blending ratios and fermentation conditions with appropriate starter culture.

Key words: Fermentation time, Lactating mothers, Mixture ratio, Shameta

References

1. Alemayehu, M., Argaw, A., & Mariam, A. G. (2015). Factors Associated With Malnutrition Among Lactating Women In Subsistence Farming Households From Dedo and Seqa-Chekorsa Districts, Jimma Zone, 2014. Developing Country Studies, 5(21):117-118
2. CARE. (2016). Emergency Nutritional Assistance. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, CARE International.
3. Blandino, A. - Al-Aseeri, M. E. - Pandiella, S. S. - Cantero, D. - Webb, C., 2003. Cereal-based fermented foods and beverages. Food Research International, 36, 527-543.
4. Jouanne, M.; Oddoux, S.; Noël, A.; Voisin-Chiret, A.S., 2021 Nutrient Requirements during Pregnancy and Lactation. Nutrients, 13, 692. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020692
5. Kejela, G., Gebremeskel, F., Hassen, H., Shewangizaw, M., &Desalegn, M. (2020) Under Nutrition and associated factors among lactating mothers in Southern Ethiopia: Institution Based Cross-sectional study.

Biography

Daniel Asfaw Kitessa is lecture at Wollega University in department of Food Science and Nutrition. He specialize his MSc. degree in Food Science and Technology at Haramaya University. Now time he is doing his PhD at Jimma University in Food Science and Technology. His future research interest is food fermentation/biotechnology, food safety, improving nutritional composition of food products for pregnant, lactating mothers, infants and children, especially through fermentation and formulations using locally available raw materials.

Abstract: Caffeine is the most widely consumed physiological stimulant worldwide. Its effects on metabolic syndrome outcomes have been controversial at a population level. This review systematically investigates evidence from both, Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) and non- RCTs, how do some caffeine metabolism-related polymorphisms influence the effect of caffeine consumption on metabolic syndrome outcomes. Two databases (PubMed and EMBASE) were independently searched using almost the same algorithm. Included studies that involved only human participants and explored the influence of any genetic polymorphisms related to caffeine and metabolic syndrome outcomes. We included 16 studies (four randomized controlled trials, one interventional and quasi-interventional, seven crosssectional studies, and four case-control studies). Cytochrome P450 (CYP1A2) single nucleotide polymorphisms and the family of adenosine receptor (ADORA) genotypes, mostly ADORA2A, were associated with caffeine consumption and metabolic outcomes. However, the findings are controversial, and better-designed studies with larger sample sizes, fewer confounders, and better estimation of caffeine intake are needed in the future.

The aim of the study is to find out the prevalence of anaemia during pregnancy among the different income groups and to identify its impact on the new born . In the present study 225 anaemic pregnant woman in the 3rd trimester who were divided into three strata based on their income groups were selected and the data was collected using anonymous questionnaire . The method of sampling that was chosen for the study was stratified random sampling . The result of the research proved that anaemia during pregnancy was found to be prevalent among all the income groups ,but the degree of prevalence was seen to differ. The low income respondents were the main victims of severe anaemia . Early marriages ,repeated pregnancies, early conception ,poor attention paid to individual health and improper nutrition were the underlining factors . Low birth weight ,prematurity rates and still births were found to be alarmingly high among the low income group . Thus the study proved that economic status has an influence on the prevalence of anaemia . Food fortification, prophylactic iron and folic acid supplements must be provided during the prenatal periods and diet counselling will help in reducing the prevalence of anaemia.

Diets influence the composition of gut microbial-derived short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). A high linear chain SCFAs contents in the Mediterranean and vegetarian diets have demonstrated health benefits. However, branched-chain SCFAs produced in the high fat diet are detrimental to colon health. The information on dietary fats on SCFAs in healthy adults following a regular Malaysian diet is lacking.  We investigated the changes of SCFAs in adults (n=32) fed on three different dietary fats (A, B, and C) for 16 weeks. Diet A contained high saturated fats (SFA) but low in unsaturated fat (UFA), while Diet B has similar contents of SFA and UFA, and Diet C has low SFA but high UFA. SCFAs were extracted using mechanical and chemical reactions and analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). After 16 weeks, three predominating linear chains SCFAs: acetate acid (35%), butanoic (23%), propionic acids (15%), and a lower concentration of branched-chain SCFAs are detected. Diets B and C increase butyric acid, which is particularly important for maintaining colonic cell integrity. Only diet B decreases the percentage of branched-chain SCFAs. These preliminary results may shed some light on types of dietary oil intake and potential SCFAs’ health effects in healthy Malaysians.