The coalescence of two single-crystalline Au nanoparticles on surface of amorphous SiOx nanowire as induced by electron beam irradiation was in-situ studied at room temperature in transmission electron microscope. It was observed that along with shrinkage of the SiOx nanowire during the irradiation, adjacent Au nanoparticles moved around and migrated close to each other. Once the two nanoparticles contacted with each other, fast, massive atom transportation took place nearby their contacting surface region where a neck region was created. With a further irradiation, the two nanoparticles rotated and aligned their crystal orientations and gradually coalesced into a bigger single crystalline nanoparticle. The above coalescence process demonstrated an intriguing surface nano-wetting ability and nano-grain boundary dislocation climbing and slip of Au NPs at room temperature as driven by the non-uniformly distributed nanocurvature over the surface of the two contacted nanoparticles as well as the beam-induced instability and soft mode of atom vibration, which were underestimated or neglected in the existing theoretical descriptions or simulations.

Geogenic arsenic and fluoride contamination of groundwater emerged as a major global crisis affecting over 50 countries. Nearly 200 million people in Asia and Africa drink groundwater that contains toxic levels of arsenic and fluoride. The diverse nanoparticles have the unique capacity for scavenging toxic species such as arsenic, fluoride, lead and other contaminants that can result in affordable, user-friendly water purifiers which can function without electricity. The paper discusses the experience of the author, as the Chairman of Arsenic Task Force, Govt. of West Bengal, India, in collaborating with IIT, Madras, India and Lehigh University, USA, for application of nano-materials in addressing the critical problem of contamination of groundwater sources with arsenic and fluoride. The Lehigh University has developed a process to disperse zirconium oxides which have the unique sorption capacity to bind a variety of trace contaminants including arsenic, fluoride, phosphate and lead. The IIT technology, on the other hand, is marked by the constant release of silver ion in water combing, with the capacity of diverse of nanoparticles for the development of the most cost-effective water purification plant. The author is involved in the process of planning and management of a comprehensive arsenic mitigation programme in West Bengal, India, which includes large no. of plants for arsenic and fluoride removals by using nanomaterials. A comparative evaluation of the technology with various other competing technologies is also undertaken in the paper.

There are a number of gas ionization sensors using carbon nanotubes as cathode or anode. Unfortunately, their applications are greatly limited by their multi-valued sensitivity, one output value corresponding to several measured concentration values. Here we describe a triple-electrode structure featuring two electric fields with opposite directions, which enable us to overcome the multi-valued sensitivity problem at 1 atm in a wide range of gas concentrations. We used a carbon nanotube array as the first electrode, and the two electric fields between the upper and the lower interelectrode gaps were designed to extract positive ions generated in the lower gap, hence significantly reduced positive ion bombardment on the nanotube electrode, which allowed us to maintain a high electric field near the nanotube tips, leading to a single-valued sensitivity and a long nanotube life. We have demonstrated detection of various gases and simultaneously monitoring temperature  and a potential for applications.

Nowadays, there are strong regulatory pressures on the oil and gas companies to move towards the use of Eco-friendly “green” chemicals. For this reason, the main goal of this study is to found out a new Smart Green Nanomaterials with multifunctional properties as well as environment impact These New Nanotechnology based on renewable resources which is sustainable and available as a local material to replace the existed currently commercial formulation with these new novel green Nano- renewable resources formulation to apply it in energy sector for oil and gas industry. The efficiency of the new Nano- formula with high stability was compared with the commercial sample as a control to investigate and study the following properties corrosion inhibitor, antimicrobial, drilling mud emulsifiers, demulsifier, defoamers and PH control

Small Satellites play a significant role in the era of Information & Communication Technology (ICT) and Internet of Things (IoT). The advancement in technology today allows the satellites to become smaller and yet carry greater capacity and capability payloads. Small satellites are expected to be used for applications in domains including environment, agriculture, climate change, mapping, navigation, and Scientific Research.  The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) which has launched over 9 student satellite is expanding the scope of small satellite launch. The extension of useful life of these small satellites depends very much on the ability to provision propulsion capability in these satellites. Hence the current effort is to develop indigenous capability for the growth and study of nanocarbon based Field Assisted Electron Emitter Arrays to be used in Field Emission Electrical Propulsion system (FEEP) for a nano satellite.

Activated carbon (AC) is a common adsorbent which is used in artificial and bioartificial liver devices. Carbon nanoparticles are extensively used in biomedical applications including biomedical devices. In the present work, toxicity studies were conducted to check the efficiency of carbon nanoparticles prepared from plant derivatives - date pits of Phoenix dactylifera fruits, Simmondsia chinensis (jojoba) seeds and Scenedesmus sp. (microalgae). To prepare carbon nanoparticles from plant derivatives, physical activation methods were used. Screening of cytotoxicity assay with carbon nanoparticles on hepatocytes namely, THLE2 (normal cells) and Hep G2 (cancer cells) were conducted. DLS and Zeta potential of carbon nanoparticles conducted to check the solubility and stability of the particles. In the biological assays, cytotoxicity test of the THLE2 cells and Hep G2 cells showed that viability remained closed to 100% when exposed to carbon nanomaterials. MTT in vitro analysis indicated that date pit AC had the least effect on the viability of both THLE2 and HepG2 cells compared to jojoba seeds and microalgae. Fluorescent microscopy confirmed date pits AC as the best choice to preserve liver cells’ integrity. The findings of this study proposes that the date pits-based AC can be introduced as a novel alternative biomaterial for the removal of protein-bound toxins in bioartificial liver devices

Nowadays, Petroleum drilling is the primordial step in the success of oilfield exploration and drilling fluids, which represent (15 to 18%) of the total cost of well petroleum drilling. Drilling mud classified in three families, The Water Base Mud (WBM), The Oil Base Mud (OBM) and Comprises Gas Aerated Mud. Principal components of drilling fluids are water, oil/gas and chemical additives. The drilling fluid composed of aqueous solutions of polymers and clays in water or brines, with different types of additives, these additives are used to lubricate the drill bit and suspend cuttings .The problem with the current drilling mud system is that some of these additives are toxic and causes greet damage for environment, drilling fluid development needs to design new families of environmental of additives. The desire to replace petroleum-based materials with environmentally friendly and sustainable alternatives has stimulated the development of lignin materials as green nano-petroleum additives. Lignins are the second most abundant renewable organic material on Earth, immediately after cellulose, in wood, straw and other plant tissues, represents a vastly underutilized natural polymer, in addition to biomass are representing the largest quantity of crop residue in the world, but have limited industrial applications. They discarded as waste or burned on the spot, which causes a greet damage for soil microorganisms, human health and environment. This workshop is conduct on drilling fluid additives based on lignin as renewable resources which have been proposed for use as multifunctional additives for hydrocarbon drilling industries. Due to their desirable, low cost, non-toxic and easily biodegradable to produce a number of value-added products such as, corrosion inhibitor, scale inhibitors combination between corrosion and scale inhibitors, emulsifiers, rheology modifier, biocide, temrature resistance, filtration control and ph. controlling agent.