A white light, i.e., Fabry-Perot, interferometry was utilized for the first time to determine the rate change of the current density (J) of aluminum samples during the anodization processes of the samples in aqueous solutions. In fact, because the current density(J) values in this investigation were obtained by Fabry-Perot interferometry, an electromagnetic method rather than the electronic, i.e., direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC), methods. the abrupt rate change of the J was called Electrochemical-emission spectroscopy. The anodization process of the aluminum samples was carried out by the DC method in different sulphuric acid concentrations (0.0,2,4,6,8,10% H₂SO₄) at room temperature. In the meantime, the Fabry-Perot interferometry was used to determine the difference between the J of two subsequent values, dJ, as a function of the elapsed time of the DC experiment for the aluminum samples in 0.0,2,4,6,8,10% H₂SO₄ solutions. The Fabry-Perot interferometry was based on a fiber-optics sensor in order to make real time-white light interferometry possible at the aluminum surfaces in the sulphuric acid solutions.  The electrochemical-emission spectra of the present investigation represent a detailed picture of not only the rate change of the current density throughout the anodisation processes but also the spectra represent the rate change of the growth of the oxide films on the aluminum samples in different solutions. As a result, a new spectrometer was developed based on the combination of the Fabry-Perot, i.e., white light, interferometry and DC method for studying in situ the electrochemical behavior of metals in aqueous solutions.

This communication discusses a comprehensive review of biomass energy sources, environment and sustainable development. This includes all the biomass energy technologies, energy efficiency systems, energy conservation scenarios, energy savings and other mitigation measures necessary to reduce emissions globally. This study highlights the energy problem and their possible saving that can be achieved through the use of biomass energy sources. Also, this study clarifies the background of the study, highlights the potential energy saving that could be achieved. The use of biomass energy source describes the objectives, approach and scope of the theme. However, to be truly competitive in an open market situation, higher value products are required. Results suggest that biomass technology must be encouraged, promoted, invested, implemented, and demonstrated as a whole while especially in remote rural areas.

Statement of the Problem: Influence of neutron irradiation on Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) steel degradation are examined with reference to the possible reasons of the substantial experimental data scatter and furthermore – nonstandard (non-monotonous) and oscillatory embrittlement behavior. In our glance this phenomenon may be explained by presence of the wavelike component in the embrittlement kinetics. We suppose that the main factor affecting steel anomalous embrittlement is fast neutron intensity (dose rate or flux), flux effect manifestation depends on state-of-the-art fluence level. At low fluencies radiation degradation has to exceed normative value, then approaches to normative meaning and finally became sub normative. Data on radiation damage change including through the ex-service RPVs taking into account chemical factor, fast neutron fluence and neutron flux were obtained and analyzed. In our opinion controversy in the estimation on neutron flux on radiation degradation impact may be explained by presence of the wavelike component in the embrittlement kinetics. Therefore flux effect manifestation depends on fluence level. At low fluencies radiation degradation has to exceed normative value, then approaches to normative meaning and finally became sub normative. As a result oscillation arise that in tern lead to enhanced data scatter.

Moreover as a hypothesis we suppose that at some stages of irradiation damaged metal have to be partially restored by irradiation i.e. neutron bombardment serve as radiation annealing of radiation embrittlement of the steel. Nascent during irradiation structure undergo occurring once or periodically transformation in a direction both degradation and recovery of the initial properties. According to our opinion at some stage(s) of metal structure degradation neutron bombardment became recovering factor that result in increase the resilience and frontier of the steel.

The convergence of nanotechnologies generates synergies among different technologies to say, nanotechnologies, neurotechnology, computers and biotechnology, these technologies must converge) itchier regulations, the application of medical devices in nanotechnologies should lead us to a link between the technical committee TC 210 and ISO technical committee 229 link that does not exist in our work in this moment In this do an analysis of the management of risk from an optical NC-ISO 14971 ). Studying the global trend in this respect as imported for manufacturers medical Devices worldwide. The convergences of technologies is a consequence of atomic precision, where the boundary between the biotic and abiotic mute blur the interaction. The interaction between nanotechnologies, biotechnology and informatics and communications (NBI) generates a synergy of unusual consequences of all is known that the industry of semiconductor)s is the one of greater precision that is atomic, the new medical devices that will be applied in the teranocis will dose Physical principles that will be governed under the laws of quantum mechanicsbut there are two problems that have not been solved even though they are one the non-existence of quantum biology and the transition from quantum to classical mechanics. On the other hand, the redefinition of the international system of units based on the universal constants that will be implemented by 2019 has a deficiency that is the second that redefirms implies redefinition of the meter the chain of traceability proposed for nanometrology presents a serious difficulty when putting the microcopy of atomic force wing of effect  tunnel situation that is changing the verification of the Wiedemann-Franz law at atomic level yields a result where the phononic component is taken into account, a result that launches STM to the cusp of the chain of traceability above inclusive of interferometry.

American scientist D. Fisher [1] paid attention to the "point of infinite compression, a special “singular” point. Mathematically, it corresponds to a function having an explosive derivative. Professor of the University of Munich R. Kippenhan [2] in his work noted that "from the surface of the star quantum electromagnetic radiation rushes into interstellar space." reaching our atmosphere creates converging spherical waves leading to an infinite point of compression, having an explosive character. Our studies have shown that these electromagnetic waves are to a large extent the ultraviolet radiation of the near range of 400-300nm. The near ultraviolet range is often called “black light,” since the human eyes do not recognize it. Black light when colliding with the atmosphere continuum forms converging spherical supercompression waves. These waves when they reach the atmosphere of the earth create an explosive field.

Our dynamic emitter of the original design generates spherical converging shock waves in a supersonic jet, leading to the point of infinite compression "special point" having an explosive derivative. The jet, interacting with the atmospheric background ultraviolet radiation, entering into the resonance mode generates a powerful explosion of black light (Figure 1) [3], the energy of which provides the synthesis of porous nanomaterial. The principle of operation of the emitter in practice has shown that the energy of a powerful explosion of black light in the laboratory and in production is a safe, cost-effective source of energy.

Aluminium Zinc Sulphide (Al2ZnS4) Ternary Thin Films were successfully grown on the substrates by Solution Growth Technique ( SGT ). The sources of Aluminium, Zinc and Sulphur ions are Aluminium Chloride, Zinc Sulphate, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acide (EDTA), concentrated ammonia solution and thiourea. The films were annealed at 300ËšC for 2 hours and characterized by UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer in the wavelength range of 300nm-1000nm to determine the optical properties of the films. The optical transmittance was obtained directly by the Spectrophotometer. Other optical properties were determined by theoretical calculations. The average energy band gaps of the films grown at two different temperatures are 3.63 and 3.77eV for different dip times. The other optical properties have been reported. From the results, the wide direct energy band gap exhibited by the films reveals that the films are suitable materials as window layer in solar cells fabrication.

The vapor phase methanol process, introduced by ICI technology in 1966, and the liquid phase methanol synthesis process (LPMeOHtm) introduced first by ChemSystems, Inc. (now Nexant) in 1975, are seen as the 2 big research/technology advances in the conventional methanol synthesis technology. The success of these 2 processes, both from a scientific and commercial standpoint, primarily is driven by the very superior, almost anomalous, performance of the proprietary Cu/ZnO/Al2O3ICI technical catalyst, and it’s very unique microstructural features, often termed as a “microcrystalline sponge”. The LPMeOHtm process overcomes some of the glaring drawbacks associated with the vapor phase process, viz., highly exothermal nature of methanol synthesis reactions, presence of local reactor hot spots which presents possibility of thermal runaways, and low per-pass CO/H2 conversions.             

Smart Materials and Polymer Technology 2020 are the global smart materials market size was valued at USD 32.77 billion in 2016 and is anticipated to expertise sturdy growth at a CAGR of 13.5% from 2017 to 2025. They exhibit responsiveness in a very controlled manner to ever-changing environments. They need a molecular structure that permits them to retort to a good array of external stimuli, like electrical fields, magnetic, fields, pressure, temperature, moisture, and chemicals.Smart material and polymer technology conference area unit organize as a result of several edges of smart materials depend upon the actual fact that it's doable to tailor the structures of materials at extraordinarily tiny scales to attain specific properties, so greatly extending the materials science toolkit. Exploitation technology, materials will effectively be created stronger, lighter, a lot of sturdy, a lot of reactive, a lot of sieve-like, or higher electrical conductors, among several alternative traits. Several everyday business product area unit presently on the market and in daily use that have confidence sensible materials and processes.  Smart Material helps to significantly improve, even revolutionize, several technology and business sectors: data technology, Office of Homeland Security, medicine, transportation, energy, food safety, and biology, among several others. Delineated below could be a sampling of the chop-chop growing list of advantages and applications of technology. Electronics and IT Applications: Smart materials has greatly contributed to major advances in computing and electronics, leading to faster, smaller, and more portable systems that can manage and store larger and larger amounts of information.

The creation and maintenance of a healthy working environment in surface mining operations require sustained efforts in pursuing advanced research initiatives toward the development and deployment of powered haulage technologies. The Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) indicates that, out of the 250 fatalities reported from 1998 to 2002 for surface mining operations, 40% was attributed to powered haulage. Within the same period, MSHA reports that 14% of total days lost and 9% of lost time injuries were attributed to powered haulage. Ruff states that about 675 accidents and 21 fatalities, involving powered haulage equipment, occur each year in surface mining operations. A significant 20 percent of these accidents involve off-highway dump trucks. Many practical solutions and fundamental research have been carried out to improve truck-haul road engagement and reduce dump truck collisions. However, truck tirehaul road engagement, and collision problems persist in surface mining operations. Any meaningful and practical solutions must be focused on the entire truck operating paradigm from loading through loaded and empty haulage to dumping operations. Attention must focus on truck dynamics, collision avoidance and overall situational awareness of operator’s environments. Dump truck dynamics are essential for ensuring stability, and effective tire-ground engagement for efficient operations in challenging terrains. Collision and enhanced situational awareness in difficult environments are also major challenges associated with the operation of these dump trucks as a result of the increasing “blind” areas around the trucks and the operating environment. The sources of these likely collision hazards and lack of perceptual awareness include machine design, which provides limited operator’s field of view, terrain geometry problems, random intrusions by humans and animals, low clearance between passing trucks on horizontal curves, and problems at service stations