Oxidative stress means a state there is imbalance between the oxidizing action and the reducing action due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a living body, resulting in the oxidizing action becoming dominant.  Oxidative stress arises as the balance between production and removal is disrupted through excessive production of ROS and impairment of the antioxidant system.  Oxidative stress has been reported to be involved in the onset and progress of various diseases.  Characteristics of Type 2 diabetes are insulin secretion failure and insulin resistance, but it seems that oxidative stress is greatly involved in insulin secretion failure.  In the insulin secretion-inducing β cells of Langerhans islets in the pancreas, the amount of superoxide dismutase (SOD), which is representative of the ROS elimination system, is small and resistance to oxidative stress is considered to be weak. Regarding cancer, it is well known that chronic inflammatory conditions increase the risk of carcinogenesis.  Cells such as neutrophils and macrophages are activated in the inflammation area leading to increase in production of active oxygen and nitric oxide.  These free radicals cause DNA mutation and cell proliferation thereby promoting cancer development.  When chronic inflammation is present, cancer develops more easily.  Electronic water, which was developed to generate electron in water, was consumed for three weeks, after meals, between meals and before sleeping 6 times a day, and according to the test subjects' possible time periods.  The amount of drinking water was 750-1000 mL, and BAP and d-ROMs checks for all cases were carried out at 4:30 pm.  The results of cancer patients and diabetes patients were seen as attached. As a result, the d-ROMs value in the degree of oxidative stress has reduced, and the BAP value, which is an indicator of plasma antioxidant capacity, has improved significantly.

 

Tissue regeneration (TR) is currently one of the most challenging biotechnology unsolved problems. Tissue engineering (TE) is a multidisciplinary science that aims at solving the problems of TR. TE could solve pathologies and improve the quality of life of billions of people around the world suffering from tissue damages. New advances in stem cell (SC) research for the regeneration of tissue injuries have opened a new promising research field. However, research carried out nowadays with twodimensional (2D) cell cultures do not provide the expected results, as 2D cultures do not mimic the 3D structure of a living tissue. Some of the commonly used polymers for cartilage regeneration are Poly-lactic acid (PLA) and it’s derivate as Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), Poly (glycolic acids) (PGAs) and derivate as Poly (lactic-co-glycolicacids) (PLGAs) and Poly caprolactone (PCL). All these materials can be printed using fused deposition modelling (FDM), a process in which a heated nozzle melt a thermoplastic filament and deposit it in a surface, drawing the outline and the internal filling of every layer. All these procedures use melting temperatures that decrease viability and cell survival. Research groups around the world are focusing their efforts in finding low temperature printing thermoplastics or restricted geometries that avoid the contact of the thermoplastic and cells at a higher temperature than the physiologically viable. This has mainly 2 problems; new biomaterials need a long procedure of clearance before they can be used in clinical used, and restrictions in geometries will limit the clinical application of 3D printing in TE.

 

We studied on meningioma among 614 patients with Brain tumor (consists of meningioma, glioma and pituitary tumor). 145 patients had meningioma. Our results are in various topics: clinical features of meningioma, anatomical distribution, radiation induced meningioma, meningioma and foster Kennedy syndrome, meningioma and pseudo foster kennedy syndrome, multiple meningioma, post traumatic and skull fracture meningioma, cutaneous meningioma, meningioma and DVT, trigeminal neuralgia and meningioma, recurrent meningioma, meningioma mortality rate and some others. We are going on to continue this study. This research project has been held in neurosurgery ward Shariati Hospital and had been scientifically registered. We studied during 6 years on meningioma patients to find the risk factors for meningioma recurrence as well as answer to these questions. We found that 20.7% of all patients with meningioma recur after 4.6 years after surgery. Female to male ratio was 1.72 among recurrent tumors with no significant difference with this ratio among all meningioma study sample was 1.96 but it seems recurrence rate is more among men. The more prevalent anatomical location for overall recurrence was: Convexity: 43.3%, Parasagittal: 26.7%, Sphenoid wing: 16.7%, Tumor specific recurrence rate: Parasagittal: 42%, Pentorial: 33.3 %, Convexity: 27.6%. Tumor specific mortality rate: C-P Angle: 33.3% Petroclival: 25%, Sphenoid wing = Convexity: 16.7%. Mortality rate among recurrent meningioma patients is 13.3% in compare with primary meningioma patients’ mortality rate that was 6.9%, is approximately 2 times more. 75% of recurrent tumors with mortality were malignance meningioma pathologically or anaplastic meningioma, it shows that cellular malignance pathology has an important role for meningioma mortality and recurrence. We dedicate with honor the surgical procedures in details; follow up outcomes, history of radiotherapy and cellular pathology at oral presentation time.