Reporting of sexual assault cases on time is one of the major step which helps in proper investigation of the case. The proportion of fair investigation varies in the cases of child and adult abuse. This study demonstrates some dominating factors which create obstruction in reporting such cases like judicial proceedings, psychological factors, societal acceptance and severity of the case. It has been concluded that delayed reporting is associated with less number of valuable evidences, unavailable witnesses that leads to late judicial proceedings , social status and the degree of physical and mental illness.

Cases brought for autopsy with an allegation of death due to the medical negligence are being reported. First case was filed on a doctor with an allegation of death because of not realizing about ectopic pregnancy in this case of post abortion care but the doctor was saved when histopathological examination could not establish a product of conception. Second case was with an allegation that the case could have been saved if her blood, urine and vomitus would have been sent to the lab for specific poison determination followed by specific treatment. Third case has shown the importance of informed consent. Fourth case was with an allegation: "How can a man just with abdominal pain die with endoscopic examination and why were they not informed prior to the procedure about its lethal complication".

DNA analysis   identifies an individual as well as   different species also . Forensic DNA   is a branch of forensic science that focuses on the use of genetic material   to answer questions pertaining to legal situations, including both criminal and civil. It is a   technique  comparing criminal suspects' profiles to DNA evidence so as to assess the likelihood of their involvement in the crime. Thus DNA Fingerprinting analysis aids in the personal identification for forensic purposes   and has always been a driving motivation for law enforcement agencies in almost all countries since its inception. The introduction of DNA markers (Y-STR) has allowed for greater precision and higher discriminatory power in forensic testing. A criminal/ person committing crime after Bone Marrow Transplantation are a rare situation but not impossible one. Keeping such situation in mind, a study was carried out to find out the best biological sample  to be used for personal identification especially in forensic situation. We choose female patient (recipient ) and a male donor. The pre transplant  sample (blood)  and post transplant samples (blood, buccal swab, hair roots) were collected from the recipient (patient). The same were compared with the blood sample of the donor using DNA FP technique. Post transplant samples were collected at different interval of time (15, 30, 60 and 90 days). The study was carried out using Y-STR kit at 23 loci. The results determined discusses the phenomenon of chimerism  and its impact on Y-STR . Hair sample was found the moist suitable sample which had no donor DNA profiling upto 90 days.

The forensic activities have evolved over time, many strategies, plans, and frameworks have been proposed in order to mitigate the complexity of forensic work and absence of resources to effectively well develop the crime combat and criminal persecution which reflects the constantly changing landscape within which forensic sciences operate. The forensic intelligence is still relatively new in the field of forensic science and the advances in Criminalistics requires innovative techniques, methods, and strategies to combat local, regional, national, international crimes. This article provides an in-depth case study at Brazilian Federal Police in order to help academics, forensic scientists, forensic experts, police officers, managers, and policymakers to establish a holistic understanding and a realistic discussion that advances the frontiers of the forensic science.

Background: Sexual assault against woman is one of the most common crime in Bangladesh. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to find out the medicolegal findings of rape victims and to analyze the data with respect to socio-demographic characteristics, relationship between accused and victim, medicolegal examination and evaluate the role of forensic examination in dealing with sexual assault cases. Methodology: This was a retrospective study which was done in the department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from 1^st January 2018 to 31^st December 2018 with maintaining ethical issues. The data was retrieved from police forwarding letter; history revealed by the victim during examination, medicolegal certificates and results of forensic laboratory examination of the exhibits. Results: We carried out a retrospective study of 404 alleged rape victims during the year of 2018. We found that 51.9% cases were sexually abused although high vaginal swab for spermatozoa was found to be negative in all cases. In this study, majority (47%) of the victims were with 14-17 years of age and 59% of the victims were unmarried. 43.3% of the victims were students & 44.5% were known to the victims. Conclusion: In majority of the cases, there were no evidence of forceful sexual intercourse at the time of medical examination due to long post coital interval. Delay in medical examination resulted in loss of vital trace evidence. That’s why – “The allegation of rape is easy to make, hard to prove and harder to disprove.

Leena Kumari has diversified academic background. She has started with the field of dental sciences and explored it with the forensic perspective. She is specialized in Forensic Odontology, keeping her root with dentistry and linking it with forensic science at post graduate level and furthermore she is perusing PhD under supervision of Dr T.D Dogra, Ex- Director, AIIMS and Director IQAC, SGT University and Dr Anupuma Raina, Scientist, Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, AIIMS. Recently she is serving as a Assistant Professor in the department of Forensic Sciences at the SGT University Medical College & Research Centre, Gurugram.

This study is focused on reviewing and developing standards and guidelines in Forensic Microanthropology related to identification and microscopic differentiation between human and non-human bones. This study developed a  protocol, which describes the basic tools and equipment necessary to achieve this type of analysis. Also describes the preparation process of the evidence to be analyzed under the microscope, as well as the microscopic identification methods (e.g. qualitative and quantitative approaches). This study was developed in Chaminade University of Honolulu, USA. To validate this study, the samples were analyzed one more time in the Laboratories of The Department of Defense of the United States POW/MIA Accounting Agency’s DPPA-CIL Hawai’i, USA. The original goal for this study was to show the importance of Forensic Microanthropology for the understanding of microscopic differences between human and non-human bones. Forensic Microanthropology is a new forensic science field, easy to learn and inexpensive, which can be of use in human identification processes in every forensic laboratory around the world. Since 2017, students of Forensic Science at Chaminade University of Honolulu have been learning Forensic Microanthropology and they have shown 100% positive identification and differentiation of human and nonhuman bone after their training.

In the world vast majority of cases of deaths due to electrocution are accidental. Suicidal electrocution and that too by high voltage is one of the rarest methods adopted for the purpose. We report the case of a 36-year-old male who committed suicide by climbing up a 10-meter-tall electric tower carrying live cables of high voltage of 40,000 volts. He was found lying dead on the ground with multiple burns all over the body, and with multiple blunt injuries. Examination and Autopsy revealed multiple burns with charred, thickened skin, singed hairs and underneath coagulation of tissues and muscles over various areas of the body. Underlying adipose tissue was melt and oily liquid was seen. Signs of trauma as multiple lacerated wounds and fractures of skull, face, ribs and right upper limb were seen but they did not contribute to the cause of death. Histopathology from skin tissues over multiple burnt sites confirmed the loss of epidermis, with collagen in epidermal and subepithilial layers with elongation of nuclei “stream of nuclei”. Features were consistent with changes induced by electrical burns. These atypical findings on the body can be explained by the proximity to electric arc produced by  high voltage current and the electromagnetic field generated by it. Police investigations showed that the deceased was under severe depression because of his personal problems. The method adopted and the findings make this case a rare scientific report.

In the world vast majority of cases of deaths due to electrocution are accidental. Suicidal electrocution and that too by high voltage is one of the rarest methods adopted for the purpose. We report the case of a 36-year-old male who committed suicide by climbing up a 10-meter-tall electric tower carrying live cables of high voltage of 40,000 volts. He was found lying dead on the ground with multiple burns all over the body, and with multiple blunt injuries. Examination and Autopsy revealed multiple burns with charred, thickened skin, singed hairs and underneath coagulation of tissues and muscles over various areas of the body. Underlying adipose tissue was melt and oily liquid was seen. Signs of trauma as multiple lacerated wounds and fractures of skull, face, ribs and right upper limb were seen but they did not contribute to the cause of death. Histopathology from skin tissues over multiple burnt sites confirmed the loss of epidermis, with collagen in epidermal and subepithilial layers with elongation of nuclei “stream of nuclei”. Features were consistent with changes induced by electrical burns. These atypical findings on the body can be explained by the proximity to electric arc produced by  high voltage current and the electromagnetic field generated by it. Police investigations showed that the deceased was under severe depression because of his personal problems. The method adopted and the findings make this case a rare scientific report.