Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a major health problem in many parts of the world. In men, this infection can result in the development of cancers of the penis, oropharynx and anus. Surprisingly, in 2017, both Brazil and Argentina started to offer HPV vaccination for boys and/or male adolescents in their national vaccination calendars. These countries were, therefore, the first of South America to offer this vaccination for males as a preventive measure officially recommended by the Ministry of Health. However, so far, there is very few information about this issue in the literature. Currently, I am conducting a research study on the implementation of HPV vaccination for males in these two countries, with a special focus on public health aspects.