Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are important tools to achieve ecological, cultural and socio-economic goals. MPAs Ecological Management Effectiveness (EME) is the degree to which MPAs reach their ecological goals. The significant variability of EME among MPAs has been extensively studied and partly explained by several MPA features linked to design, management and implementation (e.g. surface area, enforcement, age of protection). We investigated EME variability by employing, for the first time, Organization Science, the discipline that studies organizations. Using an exploratory multiple case study approach, we applied OS principles to eleven Mediterranean MPAs in order to characterize several organizational features. Among those eleven, eight MPAs were taken into account to explore the relationships between EME and MPA features, such as: 1) organizational size (i.e. the ratio between the number of full-time employees and the total MPA surface area), 2) management performance (i.e. the level of effort exerted to enhance and sustain the MPA management, including enforcement), 3) total surface area, and 4) MPA age. The logresponse ratios of fish biomass in protected vs unprotected (control) areas was used as a proxy of EME. Results show that a number of organizational features are highly variable among the MPAs we studied. Management performance, organizational size and, to a lesser extent, MPA age were positively correlated with the log-response ratio of fish biomass, whereas total surface area did not display a significant role. Based on our findings, two relevant outcomes emerge from this exploratory study: i) the management performance of the MPAs considered needs extensive improvements; ii) the employment of Organization Science in the management effectiveness assessment made possible the elaboration of a framework (see image) that can assist MPA managers to reach goals more effectively, with a more efficient use of available resources. 

Coastal communities across the world are faced with the projected climate change stressors such as sea level rise. This is further challenging when global south rural coastal communities are also faced with interconnected physical, environmental, social, political and economic concerns. These fishing communities will not only be affected by sea level rise in the future, but at present are dealing with developmental issues related to livelihood, water, sanitation and waste. Local resource management and usage along with livelihood diversification strategies are the main developmental problems for these fishing communities. The research objective uses multidisciplinary lens through qualitative and quantitative methods to critically analyse Munni Lagoon in Winneba, Ghana, West Africa. The research context has a protective recognition of Ramsar designation for wetland and biodiversity management, however, implementation of this well-intentioned policy indicates a gap. The mangroves in the lagoon would enable to reduce flooding, maintain water quality in the lagoon and also in the future protect shoreline erosion. However, there has been mangrove depletion due to the over usage as fuel wood for cooking and smoking fish. Findings from this multidisciplinary data collected between 2014 to 2019 indicate that while people acknowledge the climate change threat, the community are prioritising livelihood strategies and diversification in the short term. Number of factors such as precipitation, over-exploitation of fishing zones and market saturation are affecting this predominantly fishing community that undertake drag-net fishing. Thus, community exposure to sea level rise appears to be secondary to adaptive strategies of improved income generation. Potential solutions such as biogas toilets at the household level can reduce overdependence on unsustainable use of cooking fuel improving indoor air quality, sanitation and waste management at the village level. Finally highlighting the participatory nature of coastal management, creating an integrated approach to prioritise resource protection and management through an interlinkage of ecosystems services, social, economic and environmental perspective to reduce coastal vulnerabilities to climate change.

The growing human and environmental pressures in coastal areas have significant impact on marine living and non- living resources, especially developing island like Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka has a maritime areas of 230,000 km2 belonging to country’s about three times larger than the land area. Ocean resources of Sri Lanka fall within the Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem, which has been considered as one of the most productive ecosystem in the world oceans that consist of living and non-living resources including energy resources. But, Country under the pressure on marine litter and micro plastic pollution has been growing over the past few decades at an unprecedented rate putting coastal and ocean resources at a great risk. Such as, marine habitats, species, mammals, turtles and birds from beaches to deep sea water. Therefore, country need to focus on holistic approach to marine environmental management which considers the environmental, societal and economic impacts of all activities. In order to, this article used DPSWR (Drives – Pressure – State – Welfare - Response) analytical framework to understand the problems and identify measures to manage these problems. The Driving forces are the activities and social factor of marine litter and micro plastic pollution activities, directly or / and indirectly put Pressure on the marine environment in various ways. The pressure change or have an impacts on the State of the environment, which subsequently change or impact the ecosystem goods and services provided and the human welfare (Welfare)  attributable to a change in state. Those then required Responses (as measures and incentives i.e. Policy Instruments) to reduce at least one impact of change in state or welfare. Sri Lanka plays a key point when considering maritime boundary with neighbor countries. The methodology will be a macro analysis on the key aspects of mainstreaming coastal and marine resources of Sri Lanka, integrating the three dimensions of sustainable development. Environmental, social and economic, policy and institutional coherence, financing the sustainable development agenda and data readiness for monitoring and evaluation. 

The Renaca Beach, located in the Valparaíso Region, Central Chile, is a place of special interest to understand the influence of oceanic, atmospheric and anthropic agents in the coastal dynamics. This study aims to determine the evolution of the coastal area, with survey studies were carried out with a differential GPS according to the revisit dates of the Landsat 8 satellite and photogrammetry to obtain accurate information of beaches and characterize evolutionary trends along the coast of Chile. In addition, the shoreline was automatically extracted with SHOREX, using images captured from the same satellite, considering data from January 2016 to December 2018. Sedimentological analyzes with transversal beach profiles were also carried out. Samples for season’s summer were collected in the profile. These samples were sieved and granulometric curves were constructed. In addition, oceanographic data for tide and wave height were compiled for the Landsat 8 satellite revisit dates. Also, a high-definition digital elevation model was generated from images captured by DRONE. The preliminary results show that the coastline advances landwards in winter and seawards in summer. The shoreline extracted with SHOREX provides a quantitative description of the short-term change (measured in three years), and the seasonal change in the coastline. In addition, sediment transport is dominated by saltation at the beginning of summer, while the dominant transport is saltation and suspension at the beginning of autumn. The variability will depend on the intensity of the dynamic agents that are present, be it wind, waves, tides, and the recurrence of extreme weather events such as storms. Continuous monitoring is vital for coastal use policy generation, as well as for the local management of coastal resources. 

While coral reefs are threatened by a multitude of factors such as sea surface temperature rise, overexploitation and ocean acidification, they are home to a third of marine life discovered so far. The threats are thus not only directly affecting the scleractinian coral themselves but also the associated marine life. Reef-associated fish assemblages were monitored around Cerf Island, Seychelles for six weeks during February and March 2019. Afterward, coral transplantation was performed, restoring 125m2 of degraded reef with a density of 4 coral fragments/m2. Once the transplantation was finished a week was given for the corals to adapt to their new environment. Then in April 2019, four weeks of monitoring was done to collect data on the fish assemblages after transplantation. Here we show that coral transplantation does not have an immediate effect on the fish assemblages in the area. We suggest that monitoring should continue for longer periods of time and that transplantation should be extended over a larger surface area as well as a different period in the year when surface temperatures are not likely to exceed 30°C.