Safe management of nuclear wastes is a critical aspect in ensuring the sustainability of the nuclear industry in some countries and/or to end legacy practices in other countries. Currently, these wastes are managed according to the containment and confinement option, where their radiological hazards are contained by isolating the wastes for a sufficient period to allow the decay of short-lived radioanuclides and limit the release of long-lived radionuclides. Conditioning is a predisposal activity that aims to produce an optimized waste package. Conditioning includes producing optimized waste form and encloses it in a suitable package. This work aims at summarizing the technical and academic efforts toward the optimization of the conditioning process and identifying the gaps in this area. Within this context, radioactive/nuclear waste classification and different activities in integrated radioactive waste management schemes will be introduced. Conventional and innovative conditioning technologies will be overviewed. Methods to assess the optimized performance of these wastes will be summarized. Finally, methods to address the conditioning of problematic wastes and the required research efforts in this field will be identified.    

The need for water is increasing around the world.  Oxyanions and metal ions pollution in water concern to worldwide due the toxic effect on humans. Currently, there are available several technologies and processes to remove these pollutants from aqueous sources, such resin nanonocomposites, differential precipitation, solvent extraction, distillation, ion exchange, membranes. Membrane filtration easily allows this separation by means of the technique called the liquid-phase polymer-based retention (LPR). Applications of water-soluble polymers to the enrichment or separation of several metal ions and oxyanions from water have been reported[1].

Through to washing or enrichment methods, Cr(VI), V(V), Mo(VI), and As(V) removal experiments were carried out at different pH using water-soluble polymers (WSPs) containing functional quaternary ammonium salts. The results showed highest retention capacity of oxyanions depending on the pH.

On the other hand, polymer-clay nanocomposites present enhanced properties

(mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties) compared with starting material (unloaded polymers). The use of polymer matrix with organic functional with capability to retain ion and filler such as clays lead to nanocomposite ion exchange resins. We have also studied polymer nanocomposite loaded with layered double hydroxide (LDH) as sorbents for oxyanions such as arsenate, chromate, and vanadate. Under different experimental conditions, the composite exhibited a high sorption reaching almost a 100% of removal. Also, the sorption of oxyanions presented a fast kinetics.

The new series of biologically active dihydrazinyl-pyrrolo bis oxadiazepine and dihydrazinyl-dihydropyrido bis oxadiazepine were synthesized by the condensation of different 3,5-diazido-4-phenylcyclopenta-2,5-diene-1,2-dicarbaldehyde and 2,6-diamino-1,4-dihydro-1-substituted phenylpyridine-3,5-dicarbaldehyde with carbidamide.  Such azomethines were characterized by different physico-chemical techniques like melting points, FTIR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. The compounds have been screened for their in vitro biological activities against bacteria and fungi. The newly synthesized bis aldemines shows potent antibacterial and antifungal activity.

Heterocyclic compounds prominently incorporate in the development of chemical, pharmaceutical, medicinal and agriculture sectors. Nowadays, it is the most requirements for the fundamental development of all sectors. Mostly the preparation of the organic compounds by using several synthetic methods with conventional routes but at the present time there is a strong recommendation and preferences should drive for eco-friendly methods should adopt for the chemical syntheses. To achieve the goal of the green method, here the researchers have been developed the simple and clean green method and implemented to accomplish the pyrimidine derivatives. The diamino-pyrrolo-dipyrimidines derivatives were synthesized and demonstrated by the simple and clean one-pot system using formerly prepared bis-chalcone derivatives from different substituted phenyl succinimides and guanidine nitrate with neutral corundum irradiated under the microwave supported solvent free conditions. All the synthesized diamino-pyrrolo-dipyrimidines derivatives were examined their antifungal activities and revealed the synergistic and significant activities along with Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger fungal strains.

The effects of eutrophication on the environment may have deteriorate consequences of health of exposed animal and human populations through various path way’s. when fresh water, extracted from eutrophic areas, is used for the production of drinking water severe impacts can also occur during watering in eutrophic waters. eutrophication is complex processes which occurs both in fresh and marine waters, where certain types of algae disturbs the aquatic ecosystem and become a threat for animals and human health the primary cause of eutrophication is an excessive concentration of plant nutrient’s originating from agriculture of sewage treatment. The main cause of eutrophication is the large input of nutrient mixed to water body and the main effect is imbalance in the food web that results in the high levels of phytoplankton, zooplankton, algae biomass in stratified water bodies. This can lead algal blooms. The direct consequences is in an excess of oxygen consumption near bottom of the water body .eutrophication processes can be divided in to two categories depending on weather they are linked to the nutrients dispersion and phytoplankaton growth to oxygen cycle near the bottom of the water body. Various effects can be observed depending upon the severity of the eutrophication. Treatment of eutrophic water for producing drinking water.algae disturbs the aquatic ecosystems a threat for animal and human health..eutrophication concern the availability of oxygens. Some species of algae may also contain toxins but incidents where fresh water algae or the origin of cause human or animal illness. Some cynobacteria have capacity to produces toxins dangerous to human beings. A variety of symptoms depending on toxins implicated our observed such as fatigues, headache, diarrhoea, vomiting, and some throat fever skin irritations. Good practices to inform people about risks of bathing or sporting activity in normally colored or turbid waters. Allergic bathers of people walking along shore of water body affected by algae blooms.Any allergies releasing not only toxin but also allergic compounds.In some specific case; local authorities must rely on eutrophic water for producing drinking water.

Polymers are usually organic substances consist of a very large molecules number, polymers are divided according to their mechanical properties and strength into 3 categories: elastomers, plastics, and fibers .Plastics are typical organic polymers with saturated macromolecule and are generally used as excellent electrical insulators. Since discovery of conductive Polyacetylene (PAc) doped with iodine in late 1970s, the focus on the research for similar materials based on π-conjugated structures led to the development of the electrically conducting polymers and this new field of conducting polymers are established due to their low cost, low density, mechanical flexibility and easy processability [1.2] .That discovery made Alan.G.Mac Diarmid .Hidiki Shirakawa and Alan Heeger earned the Noble Prize in Chemistry in 2000, it has a great applications in day to day life .

Among the conducting polymers there are 2 types: extrinsic and intrinsic one, extrinsic CPS conduct electricity in pure form while the intrinsic Cps conducts by adding external impurities (doping).

[3].Nowadays conducting polymers as functionalized materials hold a special and important position in the field of materials sciences. Due to their unique conductive properties, CPS are usually employed in important applications among them: printable electronics, solar cells, batteries, actuators, sensors  ....etc.

Functional metal oxide nanocrystals have been extensively studied over the last decade for their unique new properties suitable for a broad spectrum of downstream applications. Of these, iron oxide nanoparticles are important materials because of their biocompatibility, catalytic activity, and low toxicity. They have significant application in various fields such as cancer therapy drug therapy, magnetic resonance imaging, high density magnetic storage devices, rechargeable lithium batteries, gas sensors and biosensors. Pure alpha-Fe₂O₃ and alpha-Fe₂O₃ doped Bi and Co powders were synthesized by the hydrolysis method. The structure and morphology of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A very detailed study on electrical and dielectric properties to classify the material in its range of applications: first to produce hydrogen by photo electrolysis, using as electrodes (photo anode); secondly the gas detectors in ferrite bismuth in our case humidity sensor in the oil industries.