Title: Digitalization V.S Co-production and Co-Creation

Biography:

Khaled Farouk has his experience in research and Development in digitalization of the health process and Quality of Life. His evaluation model is based on practical real world evidence creates new pathways for improving digital systems. He has created this model after years of experience in research, evaluation, teaching and administration both in digital and health institutions. The Model is based on 4G which is a methodology that utilizes the previous generations of evaluation, measurement, description and judgment. It allows for value-pluralism. This approach is responsive to all stakeholders and has a different way of focusing.

Abstract

Despite growing interest in the potential of digital technologies to enhance co-production and co-creation in public services, there is a lack of hard evidence on their actual impact. Conceptual fuzziness and tech-optimism stand in the way of collecting such evidence. The article suggests an analytical framework that distinguishes between the impacts of different technologies on different elements of co-production and co-creation, and illustrates this in three different areas. It argues that there is no reason to assume that digital technologies will always encourage co-production or co-creation. In fact, they can also be used to bypass interaction with citizens. It is no exaggeration to say that the interest in how digital technologies shape citizen-government relationships has grown immensely. From geriatric rehabilitation robots, through social media, to citizens donating data for public service design and implementation: it is often assumed that new technologies will benefit co-production and co-creation, by making these processes more effective and more efficient and by fundamentally transforming how citizens help shape public services (Lember 2018). It is expected that digital technologies can empower individuals and collectives, and substantially increase the opportunities for more personalized and demand-driven public services (Noveck 2015; Meijer 2012). By extension, they are expected to increase the legitimacy of the state (Kornberger et al. 2017). This could be wonderful – if it happens. However, before we accept such statements for fact, we ought to acknowledge at least four major problems.